May, 1905. J 101 



this spring to be able to study the habits of H. hyerana. As T. uni- 

 colorann is frequent enough at Hyeres. and a direct comparison showed 

 the habits of the two species to be very different, it proved clearly to 

 be quite misleading to say in any sense that the one replaces the other. 

 The great differences in habit between the two species are that 

 H. hyrrana is gregarious, a good many larvae occupying one plant ; it 

 eats anywhere, in all directions, eating the flower stem, inflorescence, 

 leaves, or anything, and damages the plant seriously. T. tmicolorana 

 pupates amongst the leaves it has eaten, and emerges very early, 

 pupates in March and emerges by the end of the month, at which 

 date the larvge of H. liyerana are becoming full-fed and wandering off 

 to make their cocoons, in which they pass the summer as larvae. 



Plate III. 



In March R. liyerana may be found in plants a foot or more high, 

 several larvae, up to eight or ten when full grown, probably more 

 when younger, are found on a plant. The bundle of leaves are 

 fastened together for their whole length, and the larvae may be found 

 making galleries between the leaves and through them, and lining 

 them with silk, with which they also protect any outer openines. A 

 week or two later, in places where the insect was less abundant, and 

 where it had not succeeded in tying all the leaves of a plant together, 

 but had allowed the flower stem to break through, this would be bent 

 and crooked, and evidently unable to fully develop, in these would 

 be found one or two larvae of K. liyerana, making their galleries 

 amongst the flower buds and into the stem. It was, from his descrip- 

 tion, chiefly larvae of this sort that M. Milliere took. It seemed as 

 though one or two larvae alone were unable, either by their rapacity or 

 by the silk they spun, to prevent the strongly growing leaves from 

 developing and separating themselves, as was easily done bj a colony, 

 and so they had to take refuge amongst the irregular mass of flower 

 buds which, in a well colonised plant, rarely was able to show itself 

 at all. 



I gave the larvae, to pupate in, sheets of paper, sufiiciently 

 crumpled not to lie quite flatly together, and in the spaces thus 

 formed the full-fed larvae seemed to find places that perfectly con- 

 tented them. 



The larvae on Lupin tied the leaves together in a very ordinary 

 Tortrix fashion, living in a mass of tied together leaves. In my boxes 

 they made these into considerable masses, but not more than one may 

 see sometimes our common Tortrices do on, for example, a vigorously 

 growing bramble shoot. 



