19111 201 



cabin, Pheropsoplius (?) lafertei. Arrow. Tliat \n(f\\i tliere was a violent 

 gale from the north, wliieh blew out of my cabin two of my precious 

 Tawila butterflies in their papers ! What they were I shall never know, 

 but have an impression that they were TeracoU of which I had others. 

 In spite of the gale a Catocaline Noctuid came to light, Pcmdesma 

 quenavacU, Grn., a common Indian form. 



On my last night on the White Nile, Feb. 20th, above Geteina, 

 PJiyUodroniia treitliana, Wern., an uncommon cockroach, came to light, 

 and Herr Schwabacher gave me a Qirpliis loreyi, Dup. 



The fauna of the Sudan is extremely interesting from the point of 

 view of geographical distribution. It may indeed be compared to 

 S^atzerland, in which country French, Germans, and Italians meet. 

 The insect fauna of Egypt is essentially Palsearctic in character ; the 

 great majority of its insects are also to be found in Soutliern Europe. 

 As examples of Paloearctic species extending through Egypt to the 

 Sudan the following may be mentioned : — Cirphls loreyi, Dup. ; Euxoa 

 spinifera, Hb. ; Caradrina exigua, Hb. ; Deilepliila livornica, Esp. ; 

 XyJocopa leshians, L. ; Eumenes tinctor, Christ ; Coccinella 11-punctata, 

 L. 



Another element is the Oriental, which would appear to have 

 reached the Sudan through Persia by way of Arabia. Such insects are 

 Teracohis Calais, Cram. ; Pandesma quenavadi, Gn. ; Noorda hlitealis, 

 Walk. ; A7'enip)ses sahella, Hinpsn. ; and Copicucullia suhlutea, Graes. 

 (though perhaps this last may be reckoned as Palsearctic rather than 

 Oriental) . 



Other Sudan insects have a far wider distribution such as Dauaida 



chrysippus, L. ; Polyommatus hselicus, L. ; Zizera lysimon, Hiibn. ; 



Utetheisa pulchella, L. ; Eromene ocellea, Haw. ; and Sterrha sacraria,'L. 



Together with these are the almost cosmopolitan Pyrameis cardui, 



L. ; Agrotis tipsilon, Rott. ; and NomophUa noduella, Schiff. 



Doubtless many at any rate, if not all, of these common insects are 

 to be foimd in Uganda, yet the fauna of that coimtry may well be con- 

 sidered to be characteristically Ethiopian. From Uganda not a few 

 Ethiopian species have passed to the Sudan, where they meet the Palse- 

 arctic and Oriental insects previously named. Such are Papilio 

 demodocus, Esp. ; Catopsilia Jlorella, F. ; Leticeronia buquetii, Bsd. ; 

 Herpsenia eriphia, Godt. ; Calopieris eulimine, Klug ; Teracohis proto- 

 media, Klug ; T.daira, Klug ; T. clirysonome, Klug ; T. ephyia, Kluo- ; 

 T. halimede,'K\\\s; ; T. phisadia, Godt. ; T. eupompe, Klug ; T. liagore, 

 Klug ; and T. evarne, Klug ; Virachula autalus, Hopft". ; and Lamoria 

 imbella. Walk. 



