76 THE entomologist's record. 



remainder are small enough, but hardly regularly enough dis- 

 posed to be described as forming two inner rings, besides a 

 few central spots ; the central spots are much larger than the 

 others. 



The larva when newly hatched is pale, but very shortly the 

 tubercles become black, and are so closely set together as to 

 make the larva appear quite black ; it is indeed only as it 

 feeds, so as to separate the tubercles a little, that its proper 

 coloration is clearly seen. It is then apparent that segments 

 3.4, 6.7, lo.ii, and 13 are paler than the others. The form 

 of the tubercles is that due to their being closely packed 

 together, the posterior trapezoidal being wedge-shaped, and, 

 so to speak, pushed in between the anterior trapezoidal and 

 the superior spiracular. As the larva grows from ij mm. long 

 to about 3 mm., the tubercles float apart, and the whole larva 

 looks paler ; it is now of a chocolate brown, with black 

 tubercles and lighter markings. The pale segments have what 

 seems to be a white mark below the trapezoidal tubercles, and 

 on these segments there is very distinctly a paler area around 

 each tubercle ; this is also visible on the dark segments, but 

 very obscurely. The head is black. The anterior trapezoidals 

 are very large, and so assume a very dorsal position, thrusting 

 the posterior trapezoidals into an almost lateral position ; they 

 (the anterior trapezoidals) have five to seven hairs each, the 

 other tubercles each one hair ; the posterior spiracular and 

 marginal tubercles are very small ; the tubercles of segments 

 5 and 12 are very large, as are the segments themselves, whilst 

 II, and to a slight degree 10 also, is small, with small dorsal 

 tubercles with only five hairs, very decidedly shorter than 

 those on the other segments, which in length rather exceed 

 that of the larva itself (when full-fed in this skin), i.e., about 

 3 mm. The dorsal plates on 2 and 14 have each eight hairs. 



In the second skin the length is from 2\ to j^\ mm. ; before 

 feeding it is, as in previous skin, black, from the large size and 

 close packing of the tubercles. The anterior trapezoidals are 

 especially large. As the larva grows the pale segments again 

 show themselves, and the skin of the dark segments is seen to 

 be brownish, and not black ; the 5th and 12th segments are 

 now very large (humped), the nth is markedly small, and, 

 viewed dorsally, looks meagre and slender from the smallness 

 of its tubercles. The hairs are all black ; about a dozen on 

 the large anterior trapezoidal tubercles, and several on all the 

 others except the posterior trapezoidal of 11, which has only 



