NOTES ON COLLECTING, ETC. 109 



emerged last May, but ii of tliem remained in the pupal stage. During 

 the summer they were in the forcing-house in the driest possible soil. 

 Many days in the summer the boat was intense, and I never expected 

 myVV; trepida to appear. However, on March 17th, 1890, 2 fine males 

 emerged, and since then the other 5 have come out, all of them fine 

 specimens. — M. Kimber, Cope Hall, Newbury. Aprils 1890. 



Miss Kimber's note on forcing N. trepida is very interesting. I 

 wonder how we can find out the exact point which determines whether 

 an insect will come out at once or wait for another twelve months for 

 the purpose. I suppose the matter must be determined some time 

 before the insect emerges, because a pupa usually changes colour, etc., 

 before this, and those which stay over have only their normal appear- 

 ance. It occurs to me whether any amount of forcing could have 

 brought out these pupae in the summer. It seems doubtful if it would, 

 but perhaps a moist heat might have affected them. This spring I had 

 about four dozen pupas of Asphalia ridens, but only nine have come 

 out, the rest are clearly going to stay over. — .\. Robinson, Lambeth 

 Palace Road. April, 1890. 



This spring I have had four fine Cuspidia ( Acronyda) tridens emerge, 

 after having been two years in pupa. I took the larvse the first week 

 in July, 1888, and quite thought they were dead. I also had several 

 Saturfiia carpini emerge, after being three years in the pupal stage. — 

 T. W. King, Purbrook, Dorking. 



I have had a Bojiibyx quercus lie over two seasons and then produce 

 tvpical quercus, not var. calluncc, in the early spring. Of six pupae of 

 Eupifhecia togata, five emerged in May, 1888, one not till May, 1889. 

 I have frequently had Pygiera bucephala emerge after two years in the 

 pupal stage. I cannot find the least clue as to why some should 

 remain in the pupal stage longer than others that have been subjected 

 to exactly the same treatment. — W. Daws, Mansfield, Notts. 



I have bred a series of Eupifhecia venosata from pupas received from 

 the Isle of Man, which have been two years in the pupal stage. — 

 J. Wellman. June, 1890. 



[For cases of retarded emergence in the geims Acronyda see Dr. 

 Chapman's article in the current number. — Ed.] 



Habits of the larva of Tethea retusa. — I would suggest to 

 entomologists, who find the larvae of Clostera tec/usa, not to overlook the 

 larvce of T. retusa. They fold a leaf or two of sallow round them much 

 after the manner of C. rec/usa, and the larvce themselves much resemble 

 those of Epunda viminalis. — M. Kimber, Cope Hall, Newbury. 



EupiTHECiiE ON Juniper. — Whilst collecting with my friend Mrs, 

 Bazett last week, we beat a quantity of larvae of Eupithecia sobrinata 

 from junipers on the chalk hills near here. Among the two varieties of 

 this larva (dull green and light green, with a series of pink dorsal mark- 

 ings), we found a fair number of brown larvae with darker dorsal mark- 

 ings. Apparently these are some Eupithecia, but we could find no 

 account of such larvae. Can any one tell me if this is a variety of E. 

 sobrinata} — Id. May \()th, 1890. 



Abraxas ulmata near Chatham. — Twenty years ago I first took 

 this species near Chatham, and have this month taken other specimens. 

 More than fifty years ago I took this species in dozens in the neighbour- 



