EVOLUTION OP OUR KNOWLEDGE OP MYEMECOPHILOUS COLEOPTERA. 55 



Normandy in 1863. In 1882 Sir John Lubbock refers'' to the habits 

 of Clavifirr and Lmicchnm with ants, and suggests that some of the 

 myrmecophilous beetles may be kept by the ants as pets. In 1884 

 Fowler records" the capture of Atcmdcs paradorns at Sandown, which 

 was being carried by a small black ant, he also notes three specimens of 

 Trichonyx niacrkdi from the same spot. In 1886 Fauvel gives notes^'on 

 the myrmecophilous habits of species of Histers. We now come to the 

 writings of Father Wasmann, of which, from 1886 to the present 

 time, there are over 100 publications. It is, of course, absolutely 

 impossible in this paper to even attempt to do them justice ; 35 

 papers are on the habits alone of myrmecophilous insects, and we 

 certainly owe the greater part of our knowledge to his industry, 

 untiring energy, and unbounded knowledge of the subject. In 1887- 

 1891, Fowler enumerates^" 73 species of British beetles found with ants, 

 of which 42 belong to the Staphi/linidac. In 1888 Lewis records" the 

 capture of " Formicarious Histcridae" in Spain, Algiers, and Tangiers. 

 He says they are generally found feeding on the larvae, and that the 

 ants are either unconscious of or indifferent to their presence, and he 

 considers they are physically incapable of freeing the nests of them. 

 In 1888, Walker records^"* Histoid ac and other myrmecophilous 

 coleoptera, with notes on their habits, from Gibraltar and Tangiers. 

 In the same year Hamilton gives^" a list of all the species of myrme- 

 cophilous beetles, noted to date, in North America, with their hosts 

 and the bibliography on the subject. In 1889, Schwarz"" gives a small 

 sketch of the work clone in myrmecophilous coleoptera and a revised 

 list of the myrmecophilous species of temperate North America. In 

 1891, Wasmann gives a catalogue'^ of the guests found with ants in 

 Hollandish Limburg, in it he divides them into four classes, namely : 

 (1) The regular guests of the ants ; (2) the regular guest of another 

 species of ant ; (3) chance guests which are often found with ants ; 

 (4) chance guests not often found with ants. In 1892, Wickham adds^'^ 

 some further species to the above two lists of North American myrme- 

 cophilous beetles. In 1893, Kupertsberger records'" the capture of the 

 larvte of Opatruin sahnlnmnii in plenty with F. fiisca, more rarely with 

 F. mn;iuinca, and once with Camjiouatiis lii/niperdns ; he considers they 

 are undoubtedly tolerated guests of the first two species, he further 

 records the larva? of Atoneles puhlcolUs with F. truncicola and that of 

 A. cmarriinata with F. fusca. In 1894, Wasmann'^ published a com- 

 plete list of the creatures found with ants to date, comprising 1177 

 myrmecophilous species, of which 993 are coleoptera — a monumental 

 work. In 1895, Donisthorpe, in a list*' of British coleoptera found 



^3 Ants, Bees, and Wasjis. 1882. 



« Ent. Mo. Mnr)., xxi., 1884-5, p. 18. 



« Rev. d'Ent., v., 1886, p. 152-213. 



4'' Col. Brit. Isles, vols, i-v., 1887-91. 



" Entoin., xxi., 1888, p. 289-294. 



*8 Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv., 1888-9, p. 374-378. 



<9 Canad. Ent., xx., 1888. No. 5, p. lOl-KJG. 



50 Proc. Ent. Soc. ^ash., i., June 25, 1889, p. 237-247. 



^1 Tijdschr. v. Entom., xxx., 1891, p. 181, and xxxi., p. 242, 



52 Psyche, vi., 1892, p. 321-323. 



M Wien. Ent. Ztg., 1893, p. 247-249. 



51 Krit, Verz. d. Myr. u. Ter. Artlu, Berlin, 1894. 

 55 Ent. Mo. May., Aug., 1895. 



