A CENTURY OF LEPIDOPTEROLOGY IN NORTH AMERICA. 77 



work done by him while his time was so fully occupied with his regular 

 duties. His isolation was so strongly felt, not only by himself but also 

 by his pupils, that on the occasion of the visit of Mr. Edward 

 Doubleday there was a very pronounced entomological flutter in 

 Cambridge, but no more, perhaps, than would occur now should a pro- 

 minent European entomologist visit the members of his profession in 

 America. 



The assistance rendered by the Smithsonian Institution " in the 

 dili'usion of knowledge," by publishing entomological works on 

 different orders was exceedingly valuable. The appearance from this 

 source of the S}jno))fii.s of the Described Lcpidoptcra of North America, by 

 Dr. J. G. Morris, in 1862, gave many a young collector of butterflies 

 and moths an impulse in the work of determining and arranging his 

 captures and also sent him out into the fields after more with the 

 blood tingling in his veins. Dr. Packard's Guide to the SUidy of 

 Insects, appeared in 1869, and has had a very wide circulation but 

 has long outlived its usefulness and been replaced by other works of 

 this same author. 



The science of entomology in this country has been greatly 

 advanced by the reports of the State Entomologists who were 

 appointed in some of the states, such as those of Fitch, Lintner and 

 Felt of New York ; Walsh, Le Barron, Thomas and Forbes of Illinois ; 

 and Eiley of Missouri. We should also mention in this connection 

 numerous articles in various scientific journals in this country devoted 

 mainly to other departments of science, but special attention should 

 be called to those journals devoted entirely to entomology and also to 

 their editors who have influenced entomological thought in this 

 country to a remarkable degree. What an influence Drs. Bethune and 

 Saunders have wielded for good through the Canadian Kntoinolo(/ist 

 since it first started in 1869, not only through the articles they 

 personally wrote but also by the judicious use of the blue pencil. The 

 same may be said of the influence of the Proceedings of the Entonw- 

 lo[/ical !>orietjj of Philadelphia (1861-61) and its successor, The Trans- 

 actions of the American Entoinoloijical Society (1867 to date), The 

 Practical Entoinoloi/ist (1865-7), The Anierican Entoinolo(/ist (1868-70 

 and 80), Psyche (1874 to date), Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomoloyical 

 Club (1875-85), Papilio (1881-84), the only American journal devoted 

 entirely to the lepidoptera that I recall, Entoinoloyia Americana 

 (1885-90), hisect Life (1888-95), Entomoloyical Xetrs (1890 to date). 

 These journals probably did more to foster and encourage the general 

 study of entomology and to arouse a spirit of investigation than 

 all other existing agencies during the third quarter of the century. 



The establishment of an Agricultural College in each of the States 

 of the Union, late in the third quarter of the century, in which ento- 

 mology was one of the branches taught, gave a new impetus to 

 the study of this science, and when, in 1887, an Experiment Station 

 was established in connection with each of these colleges, a new and 

 decided impulse was given to the study of the life-histories and habits, 

 particularly of our more common injurious and beneficial insects. So 

 wide-spread has this influence become that courses in zoology, 

 including entomology, have been introduced into many of the public 

 high schools with laboratory work far more extended than was to be 

 found in the Universities and Colleges twenty-five years ago. 



