124 THE entomologist's record. 



rightful place for the true clear-wings, Trochilium for the "hornet 

 clear-wings," and apparently — though unfortunately — apply -EV/cc/a to 

 vcspifornriii (tabaniforniis). 



I may add that Westwood, who (in Humphrey and Westwood's 

 British Sloths) first made the revision which has been followed by Mr. 

 Kirby, does not seem to have experienced any difficulty in accepting 

 the bee-hawks as the typical section of Se^ia, and considers Fabricius' 

 action on erecting ^E(/c'ria to be conclusive. His argument for the 

 restriction of Tnichiliioii, Scop., to the small clear- wings is very good 

 from a literary point of view, but hardly forcible enough to override 

 the action of his predecessors ; he argues that the allusion to a hum- 

 ming-bird, contained in the name Trochilinui, shows clearly that 

 Scopoli was thinking of the swift-winged and tufted-tail group, and 

 not of the comparatively sluggish and comparatively smooth-tailed 

 " hornet clearwin^js." 



Migration and Dispersal of Insects : Lepidoptera. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 

 Piepers has specially dealt with the migration of the East Indian 

 butterflies in his " Observations sur des vols de lepidopteres aux Indes- 

 Orientales Neerlandaises et considerations sur la nature probable de ce 

 phenomene'''," Batavia, 1890, and added some few facts, many of which, 

 however, are too general to be of much service. He mentions some 30 

 different observations of the phenomenon collected mostly, it must be 

 confessed, from non-entomological correspondents, and in many 

 instances the species observed on flight is unknown. From these 

 observations he concludes that the flights noticed consist usually of indi- 

 viduals belonging to the two sexes of ('ato)iAilia (<_'aU id rj/m^) ciorcdi', hnt 

 sometimes of three species of the genus Kiiploea, but only those refer- 

 ring to the ('atopsilia are sufficiently numerous to draw any general con- 

 clusions therefrom. Thus, of the thirty cases mentioned, that observed 

 in 1885 by Ottolander, in the province of Besouki, in Java, consisted of 

 Euplora c II nice, another flight observed in the same year by Schouten, 

 in Sumatra, was composed principally of Kiiplnea bii.rtniii, accompanied 

 by E. rliadaiimntiiH, whilst in 1883, in Java, Piepers himself observed 

 a vast flight of the two sexes of ( 'atopsilia crocale, accompanied by a 

 few specimens of Atella plialanta and of a species of Terias, and in 1885 

 Shouten observed a flight of the same species of (.'atojisilia in Sumatra, 

 and De Graaf, in 1886, refers another flight observed at Bagalen, in 

 Java, to the same species. The records of most of the other flights 

 refer to the butterflies composing them as being white and yellow, 

 which suggests strongly that ( '. crocalf was the insect under observa- 

 tion. Of the flight that Piepers himself observed in November and 

 the first half of December, 1883, he says : " Among many millions of 

 C. crocale, I counted three examples of Auila phalanta and two of a 

 Teriasi." He suspected that these specimeias were travelling with the 

 Catopsilia in spite of themselves, blindly following the migrants and 

 possibly not accompanying them very far. ]\Iost of the flights observed 

 took place in the months of November, December, January and 



* Overfjcdrukt iiit het NutiturkuiuUg Tijdschrift voor Ncdcrhnuhclt-Indie, 

 Deel L., Aflevering 2, pp. 199-257 (Ernst and Co., Batavia en Noordwijk, 1890). 



t The species might be T. hecabe, T. blanda, or T. *acf, three closely allied 

 species which cannot be discriminated on the wing. 



