PRACTICAL HINTS. 129 



6. — The larvfp of EtipitJieria mbrinata are to be beaten from juniper 

 in May. 



7. — The larvfe of Cldaria dlaci'ata from the May brood feed up 

 well and rapidly on L'ircaca Intctiana and Kpildbiuiii iiKmtanui/i in June 

 and July, many emerging in August, but some pupae going over until 

 the following May. 



8. — The larvjE of Apamea itnanimis a,ve to be found among grass in 

 April when pupa-digging at the roots of willow, later the pupfe may be 

 found spun up under the loose bark of willows. The moths emerge in 

 late May and June (Machin). 



9. — In April and May when young the larvfe of Plusia monfta feed 

 two or three together in a web on Thiphuiium and Aconitum, but later 

 feed independently, and may easily be shaken out of their food-plant 

 (Hall). 



10. — In May the larvse of Noctua ditrapczinm occur on a variety 

 of plants — birch, apple, whitethorn, sallow, bramble, bracken, stinging- 

 nettle — on Hampstead Heath, Wimbledon Common, &c. Best obtained 

 late at night. 



11. — In the middle of May the full-fed larvfe of Leucania Uttoralis 

 are to be found under the sand at the roots of Ammopliila anindinacca. 



12. — At the end of May the heather must be swept (preferably by 

 night) for the larva? of Afirotix ai/athina. 



13. — The larvfe of Polia nit/rocincta are to be found by day around 

 the roots of Stat ice armeria or on the blossoms by night (Newman). 



14. — Imagines of Calncaiiipa vetiista and C. exoleta come to sugar in 

 April and May ; May 14th for Calocampa retxsta, and C. exuleta on 

 May 27th, are my latest records (Kane). 



15. — In early May search ribbon-grass for the internal-feeding larva 

 of Apamea opJiiafircniima : the affected shoots are easily recognised. 



16. — Xcjihopteri/.v an;iitt>teUa appears in the beginning of May and 

 continues on the wing till nearly the end of June ; in hot seasons a 

 partial second brood appears in September and October. The egg is 

 deposited on the fruit of the spindle-tree, generally on the underside, 

 and frequently between two berries ; the newly-hatched larva at once 

 bores into the berry, closing the entrance with silk, and is then difficult 

 to find ; as it gets larger it passes to another berry, and its presence 

 may then be detected by the frass protruding from the hole through 

 which the larva has eaten into the fruit. By putting a supply of 

 rotten wood into the breeding-cages for the larva^ to spin up in, almost 

 every larva will produce a moth (Machin). 



17. — The larva? of Aciptilin fialartndarti/la are to be found on the 

 underside of the central leaves of burdock in May ; the riddled state of 

 the leaves indicates the plants affected. 



18. — A form of Plati/ptilia pallidactyla {bertrawiyov a distinct species 

 feeds on the leaves of Scnccio in May and June, and emerges in the 

 latter month ; recorded as yet from Carlisle, Glasgow dist., Aberdeen 

 dist., and various other northern localities. 



19. — The larva of Mi)iiaesivptilufi pla(ii(idavtyhi>^ eats down into the 

 heart of Scabiosa mhimbaria in April and May, l^efore the flowering- 

 stem is thrown up. 



20. — lu'tinia pn^ticana is reported to fly in May by day round the 

 tops of Scotch firs in Rannoch ; probably it has a much wider 

 distribution. 



