BUTTERFLIES IN THE LEBANON. 205 



have ceased to exist, otherwise it is probable we should discover in 

 Scotland more Norwegian species than we do at present. Enough, 

 however, remain to suggest their community of origin, and I believe 

 we shall not be wrong if we can rightly call any element in our llritish 

 fauna as autochthenous, in applying that title to this Celtic or north- 

 western area. 



(To be continued.) 



Butterflies in the Lebanon [irith Map). 



By (Mi;s.) MAKY r.K i.a B, NICHOLL, F.K.S. 

 [( 'oncludt'd from p. 173.) 

 May 80th was a grey and windy day ; as we rode across good 

 butterfly country into the mountains, south-east from l>aalbek, I got 

 a few insects in a sheltered glen, but the weather got steadily worse, 

 so my bag was small. As we went on we came into very wild 

 mountains, less grazed and less cultivated than any I had seen, so I 

 resolved to halt in a lonely glen called Wady Shabat, hoping that the 

 next day might bring better weather, and enable me to see what 

 butterflies were to be had. Morning broke bright and sunny, but 

 very windy, and 1 started out early, attended by four men well armed, 

 as this district is rather unsafe. Butterflies were very plentiful, 

 Ari/i/nnis )ti<ihr var. eris swarmed, so did Lj/caena cunanda, always on 

 blue vetches. I also took all the " coppers " I had previously met with, 

 Tlipi'la Diyrtali', T.spiui, T. iliris, many species of Si/rir/it/iKf:, but common 

 in vai'iety, and nothing new, and about midday the gale increased so 

 much that nothing more could be done, which was imfortunate, as it 

 was a good locality. Next day we rode down the valley by the old 

 Roman road till we came to the Damascus railway and a more settled 

 country, but I saw very few butterflies all day. We camped at a 

 village called Ain Haour, close below the southern precipices of Djebel 

 Chekif, on June 2nd. I sent the tents round the mountain to Bloudan, 

 whilst I walked across, ascending to the summit and coming down the 

 other side to Bloudan. The ascent was very steep, up di'y watercourses 

 and stone slopes. I got Tlwcla mj/rtd/i', ( 'hrt/xiiji/uonis (isahiniis, Li/caena 

 aiitcros var. cras.sijinnrta, /-. isaiiriea, Si/richt/ms nomas. A high 

 meadow near the top, which looked promising, produced nothing ; 

 there was a snowdrift in one corner, and it was probably too early for 

 it. The rocky summit 7,000ft. high, was only enlivened by a few 

 specimens of Paran/e metiacra and Aijlais urticac var. turcica, but on 

 the way down to Bloudan, I again took Callojihri/K nthi, and in a 

 cornfield got several specimens of the beautiful orange marked Lycacna. 

 June 3rd was fine, and in the lanes from Bloudan down to Zebedani, I 

 took three fine specimens of EiKjonia jwli/cJiloros, two of Varanje 

 ro.rclana (neithei- of which I ever saw elsewhere), also Xiso)tiatle.'i 

 niarloiji. Working the railway banks at Zebedani, 1 took specimens 

 of 'I'lu'rla acaciar, an interesting insect, being a very small form 

 of the species, with underside tinged yellowish. The railway banks 

 further produced one very bad specimen of Lamjiiilcx t/icup/irastiiH 

 and several good ones of Sj/riclithits mdntis, and then the day clouded 

 over and I had a long ride down the beautifid valley of the 

 Farada to Suk Wady Farada (once famous for brigands), where we 

 encamped, and next day turned southwards across rocky hills, towards 

 Hermon. Here 1 first met with s'. pdojiuca just out of chrysalis. 



