BUTTERFLIES IN THE LEBANON. 207 



and I saw scarcely any butterflies, except at our camp on the 9th, by a 

 nice spring in chalk-hills, where I caught L>/cac)w hfUariiKs. On 

 arriving in tho Lebanon we found fresh high wind and much cloud, 

 most refreshing, but bad for butterflies ; nor did I have another good 

 day till we were encamped at Khan Hunnin, about 6,000ft. above the 

 sea, in a hollow directly below the highest summit of Djebel Sunnin, 

 on its western side. Here is excellent butterfly ground, rough, half- 

 cultivated, terraced fields, deep watercourses and snow-fed streams. 

 Here I stayed for three days and worked the slopes. I found Thais 

 ceriayi common at 6,000ft., rather bleached in colour. There were 

 also numbers of Tlia'a^ caterpillars feeding on the Aristalnc/tia. They 

 spun themselves up between the leaves in bright sunshine, feeding 

 only in cloudy weather or at night. I took some, which appeared 

 nearly full-fed. in hopes that they might go into chrysalis within 

 a few days, but entirely failed in getting pupa) before J left Syria. 

 On these mountain siiles I took P. )iiue»ii)si/iie and saw three 

 fine specimens of F.iicldoe ranlantiues, none of which 1 could catch. 

 Thecla mijrtale was common, also T. spiui var. fiiclanrtho, (hryaophanuii 

 thermmon var. perdca, Lainpidex hoetica, Lycaena cyllarns, L. Uaurica, 

 L. camhilns, L. Heinianins var. hcU'n^ (but no var. antioclit'iio), L. anteros 

 var. crassipuucta, L. hi'lLoyiis, I., aniiis or />. zrpJn/rKs, L. icarus, and 

 two or three of the doubtful Lyranut 2 s, Aryyiuiis niohe var. eria, A. 

 pandora, Melitaca didyma, M. p/uii.'he, ^J. triria, Melanaryia titea (but 

 no var. titania), and most of the species of Syrichthna I had previously 

 taken. 1 went up Djebel Suunin (about HHOOft.) and got no butterflies 

 on the top, excepting Aylaix nrticac var. turcica. June 19th and 20th, 

 we rode for two days northwards across mountains whence every green 

 thing had been stripped by goats as far as Afka, where we en- 

 camped on an excellent place for butterflies, about four miles short 

 of the famous grotto of Venus. Here the mountain had been reserved for 

 cows and horses and late grazing, so insects were plentiful. We were 

 on the head waters of Dog River. Here I took I'ieris cryane and 

 l.ycama adnictii!^ var. rippcrtii and saw Goncjitcryx r Irani ni as well as 

 a . a)tti>nia, it was the only place where I found the two species flying 

 together. T/n'cla ilicix and 7'. spini were common, also Mclanaryia titea 

 and most of the mountain insects I had previously taken. I spent 

 two days here and was then reluctantly compelled to ride to Beyrout, 

 to catch the steamer for Constantinople on the 28rd, instead of going 

 north to the Cedars and Dahr el Khotib. But there was no other 

 boat for a fortnight, and I could not spare so much time in Syria, and 

 thus ended a rough and most incomplete attempt to investigate the 

 l)utterriies of the Lebanon. 1 hope in the course of another year or so, 

 with the assistance of Professor Day, to get a more complete catalogue 

 of the lepidoptera of this district. He and his wife have taken at 

 least twelve species which I never met with, and there are proljably 

 many more to be had, especially in the Antilebanon and Hermon 

 country and the extreme northern end of the Lebanon range. To the 

 best of my belief, these regions are unexplored by the collector. I 

 append a list of captures. Many of the names are given on the 

 authority of Mr. Elwes, but he declares himself unable to decide posi- 

 tively as to the species of several of the Lycfenas, and we hope to get a 

 more complete series during the ensuing summer. 



L'apiliu pudalirius : Not very common on coast. P. niachauu : Not 



