214 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 



upon the upper side of the leaf on which it moved only to feed. On 

 September 28rd the first moult took place, the second skin was 

 exhibited, and the larva was about ,-^^th of an inch in lent^th. The 

 head and body now were of the same colour — a light greenish 

 cinnamon — and were l)oth heavily studded with white warts, having a 

 black centre. The entire larva, head and body, covered with short 

 white hairs projecting from these warts. The segments were still 

 strongly marked, and the body wrinkled transversely. These wrinkles, 

 swelling upon each side in the line of the spiracles, formed a projecting 

 longitudinal fold which caught the light, and looked like a white line 

 for the whole length of the larva. In a day or two the head had again 

 darkened in colour, yet not to black, but of a brown colour, and was 

 now inferior in size to the central segments, which again narrowed to 

 the anal end. The young larva has a habit, which had been shown 

 from the first, of lying along the middle of the leaf of the food-plant 

 on that portion of it known as the " mid-rib." It resorts to this 

 position before evening, so that when the clover leaf closes, which it 

 does at night, the larva lies shut within it. This habit may possibly 

 be associated with the larva almost always feeding, Avhen young, upon 

 the upper side of the leaf. A large proportion of those larva which 

 died early were found either on the underside of the leaf or away from 

 the centre of it on the upper surface. This may indicate that, in the 

 first instance, the larva missed the protection afforded by the shelter of 

 the closed leaf at night, and, in the other, that it may have suffered 

 some inconvenience or injury from the tightly closing sides of the leaf 

 when young and delicate. I can conceive no other reason for the large 

 percentage of mortality which occurred at this period, for the larvas 

 had not been touched or disturbed since being carefully placed upon 

 the leaves of the growing food-plant, it being necessary to remove them 

 after emergence from the plant on which the ova were deposited, as it 

 had failed to grow. There were eighty-four emergences from the ova, 

 and, on the 27th of the month, but twenty-seven larva' survived. The 

 larva at this period — ten days old — was in the habit of resting with 

 the claspers firmly holding the surface of the leaf and elevating the 

 forepart of the body in a bent posture, like the larv* of the genus 

 Sjihin.v, to a slight extent, with the head depressed and just resting the 

 tips of the legs upon the leaf. It appears seldom to feed at the edge 

 of the leaf, but to eat small holes in the broad surface, on the upper 

 side, which are gradually enlarged by consumption to the uuirgin in a 

 ragged and broken manner. On the 27th of the month the second 

 moult was accomplished, and the larva was about a (quarter of an inch 

 long, or rather less. In the third skin it is pale yellowish-green all over, 

 including the head, but the body is so thickly covered with black warts, 

 having white rings around them, as to present an almost dark grey 

 appearance in colour as a whole. The segments are distinctly luarked 

 by an incision or skinfold rather sunken from the surface, and between 

 each of these skinfolds are five others on each segment more raised in 

 character ; and, while on each segment these folds are thickly covered 

 with the black warts with white rings, the folds marking the segments 

 are almost bare of warts, except upon each side, where two or three 

 are found at some distance from each other. The warts are arranged 

 on the body in irregular longitudinal rows, a row of large ones, then a 

 row of smaller ones, then another row of large ones, the space 



