^44 THE ENTOMOLOaiST's RECORD. 



or so) ; (3) those remaining over. I appear to have been very 

 unfortunate in my suppUes, since out of several dozen cocoons only 

 one selects to remain over. This one, however, is a pupa of pale 

 yellowish colour and transparent texture, i.e., with development of the 

 imago quite in abeyance, and no further advanced than shortly after 

 the pupal state is assumed. I had rather there had been more 

 specimens going over, but as it is, the one specimen, with none per 

 contra, is sufficiently conclusive. There must be cocoons of L. lanestris 

 going over another year, in the possession of various colli^ctors, by 

 which this point could be further illustrated. I should be glad to 

 examine any specimens that may be sent me. — T. A. Chapman, Betula, 

 Reigate. 



Cocoon of Lachneis lanestris.— On the same page {loc. cit.) of 

 Barrett's work, he says " a lid is pushed oft" the cocoon, having been, 

 to all appearance, carefully cut partially through, from the inside, by 

 the pupa for this purpose." This is quite true if we give a very full 

 value to the qualifying phrase " to all appearance." The lid might 

 look very much as it does were it so cut through. As a matter of fact, 

 no such cutting takes place — the lid is formed by accidental fracture, 

 by pressure from end to end of the cocoon, by the inflation of the body 

 of the moth that almost always occurs at emergence, aided by muscular 

 action. That the fracture takes place where it does is no doubt 

 determined by this zone of the cocoon, having more brittle gum and 

 less fibrous silk in its structure than elsewhere. It does not appear 

 that any softening fluid of any sort is employed, but that the fracture 

 is in a dry and brittle structure. — Ibid. 



Imaginal development in PUPiE OF Lachneis lanestris. — The 

 OPENING OF THE SO-CALLED LID OF THE COCOON. — With reference to Dr. 

 Chapman's note re the non-development of the imago in the pupa of 

 Lachneis lanestris until the year of its emergence, I can fully corroborate 

 the evidence ofl'ered by his single pupa. Owing to the statement re- 

 ferred to in Barrett's work being contrary to my own recollection, I 

 examined a pupa or two in my possession, and, flnding it erroneous, I 

 referred the matter to Mr. A. Russell, who had a large number 

 (some thirty) of non-emerging pupsB in the early summer of 1899, 

 many of which he examined, and in none of which he found any 

 trace of imaginal development, nor could I find anywhere, among all 

 the references 1 collected (see llritish Lepiiloptera, vol. ii., pp. 514- 

 517), any authority for the statement that the imago was fully 

 developed and awaited emergence sometimes for several years, ^^'ith 

 regard to the opening of the so-called lid of the cocoon, there is an 

 interesting note by Latter (Trans. Knt. Sac. London, 1895, pp. ±57-8), 

 who states that " the median frontal portion of the head of the imago 

 between the eyes is produced forward into a prominent and sharply- 

 pointed umbo or boss of great strength, and capable of being used as 

 a powerful awl in opening the cocoon .... the boss being 

 developed to a less degree and less sharply-pointed on the head of the 

 pupa also." These structures are figured for Lasiorauipa var. calliinae, 

 considered by Latter as essentially similar to those of Larlmeis 

 lanestris, which difl'er only in being smaller {lor. cit., pi. \iii., fig. 8, 

 and pi. ix., fig. 9).— J. W. Tutt. 



OviPOSITION OF COLEOPHOKA MUKINIPENNELLA. — Oil May 14th, 1901, 



between G.45 and 7.30 p.m., 1 noticed three females of this species 



