256 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST S RECORD. 



of Avind on the direction of the flight of butterflies. He noticed when 

 crossing from Rio Janeiro to the island of Paqueta, that butterflies 

 frequently crossed the bay with, but never against, the wind, and the 

 observation was afterwards confirmed. The insects did not go past in 

 a swarm, but singly or two or three together, and at sufficiently 

 frequent intervals to attract attention. 



It is impossible to deal at length with the various records of 

 migrating lepidoptera in Australia. Anderson notes {Victorian Butter- 

 flies, i., pp. 24-25 and p. 29) that the migratory instinct is most 

 noticeable among the native species in Pieris teutonia, sometimes called 

 " the migratory white," although this name more properly belongs to 

 Delias nicirina, Fab. In certain seasons large numbers of P. teutonia 

 spread themselves all over the colony, although the food-plant only 



occurs naturally in the northern portions In some years 



great numbers may be observed steadily passing one after the other in 

 the same direction, they never turn back, but fly on and on, urged 

 thereto by that irresistible impulse which is so interesting and yet so 

 perplexing to the observer. Although we, at times, have great flights 

 distributed all over the colony, they are generally fairly broken up and 

 scattered, and rarely, if ever, do we see those vast flights such as have 

 been observed in Queensland passing at a great altitude from east to 

 west .... Its wide distribution extends from Australia to New 

 Guinea, the Hebrides, Fiji, and the Friendly Islands, a result that 

 might be expected when its migratory powers are taken into account." 



A report to the effect that, on June 1st, 1860, in the valley of Vigor in 

 southern France, immense crowds of a "copper" butterfly (supposed 

 to be Chri/sophanas kippothue) were observed flying in a northerly 

 direction in more or less numerous bands from 10 a.m. until evening, 

 is quoted by Scudder (Butts, of New Ewiland, vol. ii., p. 1086) on the 

 authority of Werneburg. The report further adds that all these specimens 

 were males. There appears to be no other record of an European Chryso- 

 phanid exhibiting any migrating tendency. 



We have now given instances, and quoted records of butterflies and 

 moths which have been seen in the act of migrating from one place to 

 another, in various parts of the world. These are, of course, only a 

 very small portion of the total number of observations that have been 

 made and recorded, but appear to be sufficient to show that the 

 migration of butterflies and moths is an actual and well-ascertained 

 fact. 



On some races of Lasiocampa quercus. 



By .T. C. WAEBUEG. 

 (t'ontinued from p. 240.) 

 Not having been able to observe the imagines in the wild state and 

 note their times of appearance, kc, I give the following data, kindly 

 supplied by M. Constant, who, until his recent decease, lived at Cannes 

 and had, therefore, opportunity of observing the insects, although he 

 has never specially studied the L. querciis forms : " The young larva? 

 of both forms appear at the same time, towards the middle of the 

 autumn. In their early age they are practically alike and not always 

 very easy to distinguish. It is not till after the third moult, I think, 

 that L. var. viburni takes its brownish-red colour, which it never loses, 



