274 THE entomologist's recoed. 



with which they should be supplied when full-fed ; the cocoon is 

 \ery closely spun between the leaves (Newman). 



2. — There is no need to keep the pup.e of Stanroiinti faiji out of 

 doors, but a moderately damp atmosphere is necessary ; if the 

 imagines do not appear by the beginnmg of June, exposure to a 

 shoAver of rain is often advisable. An outhouse, if the pupte be 

 kept on damp sand, seems to produce satisfactory results. 



3. — The larvae of Gnophria mbricollis begin to appear in the 

 beating-tray in September, and are full-fed towards the end of October ; 

 they feed on the very minute lichens, mainly on oaks and beeches ; 

 when full-fed the larva retires beneath the moss on the trunks, for 

 pupation, and, as it takes a long time to pupate, pup^e should not be 

 searched for until late in November ; the white flimsy cocoon being 

 hardly distinguishable from the spinning of certain spiders, it is 

 advisable to detach the moss from the top downwards, as the pupa 

 is not among the moss, but between moss and bark, and consequently 

 often drops, whilst, not infrequently, after moss is withdraAvn, the 

 pupa is found adhering to the trunk. Larv^e sometimes spin up low 

 down near the ground, at others high up the trunk. Pupie are best 

 kept kept through winter on damp sand with a layer of moss, damp 

 being very necessary to them. 



4. — The small hybernating larvte of Lciuuma mlivis want some 

 rough cork or bark on which to hybernate ; they will spin a silken 

 web in September, collect into companies and remain quite im- 

 movable all winter, beginning to feed again in April as soon as the 

 poplar, willow and sallow leaves begin to show. The cocoons of their 

 parents are favourite hybernacula. 



5. — During the first week of September, the larvae of Xutolopltiis 

 (junustiijna may be found or beaten from oak ni the woods at Bexley 

 (Newman). 



0. — Captured females of Litaania alhiptincta have no objection to 

 laying their eggs on a growing sod of grass under a bell glass ; the 

 young larvie appear in about eleven days make elongated holes right 

 through the blade between two of the ribs. Kept in a warm atmos- 

 phere they will occasionally feed up quickly, and then the imagines 

 appear the same autumn. 



7. — In late September and early October, females of Pcridrowa 

 saiicia lay freely in chip boxes, each batch usually consisting of some 

 800-400 small ova. They hatch in rather less than three weeks, feed 

 ravenously on dock, rape, cabbage, spinach, &c., show no inclination 

 to hybernate, hide under the leaves by day when young, feed only by 

 night, and bury themselves under the earth in the tiower-pots 

 in which they may be kept after they are half-grown ; placed in a hot- 

 house in November, they will pupate in December, and emerge from 

 December to L'ebruary, but ni an ordinary cool room or greenhouse 

 will contniue to feed all the winter more slowly, and pupate in March 

 or April, emerging in May. 



8. — Females of L'daena luinurt/iii can be swept, practically all the 

 specimens taken on the wing in the afternoon with the net are males 

 (Fmlay). 



9. — Ajionijiln/la uiistrdlis comes to sugar freely in September, and 

 is saul to be more abundant between 11 a.m. and midnight than 

 earlier in the evening. 



