28 THE entomologist's kecord. 



former ; the important factor for succeRS is to search for them when 

 the vegetation is dead (Arbnthnott). 



3. — Cocoons of Satitrnia jmronia may also be found in whitethorn 

 hedges in winter, spun up on the lower branches about a foot from the 

 top of the bank on which the hedge grows. They are most dil^cult to 

 see when the foliage is on the trees, and, although exposed when the 

 leaves fall, the colour is so like that of the surrounding branches that 

 it would be easy to miss them (Ransom). 



4.^The haunts of Scuta iiiaiitima are usually coincident with those 

 of Nona;/ rid (jcmiuijiiincta, the larva? of the former wintering in the old 

 burrows of the latter. The larvje are easily obtained in a hard 

 winter, when one can more readily examine the dead reeds that fringe 

 the sides of lakes and moors. They have also been found in the old 

 galleries of Nuna(jyia animliitis und N. cayinaem Tijiiha latifolia (Dadd). 



5. — During the first week of February I searched the stone walls 

 and dykes that separate the fields in Aberdeen, etc., for cocoons of 

 Arctoinjsris var. jin/ricac, and in a few hours picked up a dozen around 

 Pitcaple ; the snow, however, was very deep and the cold intense, and 

 these factors much interfered with a more successful hunt (Reid). 



6. — Imagines of Ni/fisia lds}ndaria are to be taken in late February 

 and March, newly emerged and drying their wmgs between 4 p.m. and 

 5 p.m. on the lower part of the trunks of oaks. 



7. — In February and IMarch Hybernia Icucoiihaearia, Phifialia 

 pedaria, Xr/^sia liiapidaria, Amjdn'dasys stratan'a, are found commonly 

 by trunk-hunting on the outskirts of the London district — Richmond 

 Park, Chingford, itc. 



8. — Imagines of Hyhcrnia Iciicnphaearia are common on trunks of 

 oaktrees, in February and March, some drying their wings during the 

 forenoon in the sunshine, the lantern revealing them, however, still 

 freshly emerging after dusk. Phhjalia jiedaria may be found at the- 

 same time and are often seen hanging with limp wings on the oak 

 trunks at about 8 p.m. 



9. — The spring Hybernias are all common in Epping in February 

 and March ; very fine aberrations of male Hyhi'tnia leucuphaearni and 

 also ? s, are to be obtained on fences and tree-trunks in the daytime ; 

 H. rtipicapraria on every hawthorn hedge, the ? s about an hour after 

 dark are found at the bottom of the hedges, latter on they get higher, 

 and are seen on the outside as well as towards the middle of the 

 bushes ; the $ s of H. nmryinaria are to be found freely on tree-trunks 

 after dark with a lantern, some of the 3 s are very fairly dark. 



10. — ^The larv;t of Boanuia roburaria may be beaten from oaks 

 when beating for larva) of L'leora lichcnaria in February, before the oak- 

 buds show the slightest sign of leaf. They must loose hold of their 

 silken pad surprisingly early ; the larva) also feed on sallow, white- 

 thorn and birch, feeding up well in confinement on sallow (Moberly). 



11. — Early hatching larvjc of Poccilocawpa popxdi may be fed up 

 on lettuce ; eggs often hatch out-of-doors before the food-plants are 

 available. 



12. — At the end of February place your cocoons of Diiiiorjdia 

 versicolor a in the sun during the day, and in a warm kitchen at night 

 and during dull weather ; few pupre will then go over to a second 

 year. The imagines will only pair in the sun or in a fairly high 

 artificial temperature, but given these they will do so and lay well. 



