32 THE ENTO:\rOLOGIST's RECORD. 



days later than the males. Delphi is about 2000ft. above the sea 

 level ; and a few days later, down at Loutraki, a comparatively modern 

 place, on the shores of the Gulf of Corinth, I found kriiperi only, but 

 in excellent condition. They were up a gorge not more than 100ft. 

 from the level of the dried-up, arid plain, where, in the month of May, 

 the barley harvest was being cut and carried on the backs of mules to 

 be thrashed shortly afterwards beneath the feet of some five or six 

 horses which were made to trot round in a circle over the scattered 

 ears. In this plain I also found Satynix awaltJico ; the females being 

 equally common with the males (which is so rarely the case with any 

 butterfly), though they were somewhat dissimilar in their habits, as 

 the latter were generally only to be found down on the open plain, 

 while the females preferred to haunt the lower slopes of the mountain. 

 These latter remained in hiding during the hot hours of midday under 

 the grateful shadows of the huge rocks and boulders at the foot of 

 the gorge, from which seclusion sometimes six or eight at a tiine 

 would, on being disturbed, fly out lazily from beneath one rock, while 

 they seemed supremely indifferent to, and independent of, the little 

 males, who were besporting themselves in the glaring heat of the 

 plain below, where the oleander bushes grew in the dry stony bed of 

 the torrent. Pieris eruanc, which was common enough near Delphi 

 and in the neighbourhood of Kalavryta, did not apparently occur so 

 low down as Loutraki, whilst Euchlvi' (jr'nneri seemed to be exclu- 

 sively a mountain butterfly. It flew in certain localities (no doubt in 

 the immediate vicinity of its food-plant) accessible both from Delphi 

 and Kalavryta, but it was practically over by the third week in May. 

 Melanarfiia lariaaa seemed to be fairly widely distributed, from the 

 middle of May and throughout the month of June, though the Lout- 

 raki specimens in May were much finer and more deeply coloured 

 than those I took later at Kalavryta in June. The Lyca?nids in Greece 

 were, as a whole, distinctly disappointing. However the var. helena 

 of Nomiades semianiiis was extremely interesting. It occurred plenti- 

 fully all round Kalavryta in May, and most of the specimens were 

 very marked ; the orange band on the upperside being remarkably 

 broad and distinct in nearly all the females captured. The var. 

 parnasxia of this same species occurred near Delphi, but no Iwlcua 

 appeared north of the Gulf of Corinth. I also took a few specimens 

 of Poh/onunatiis zepln/nis near Kalavryta in June ; and an interesting 

 form of Pnli/owmatKs cuiiicdon near Delphi in May, without any traces 

 of the arrow mark on the underside of the hindwings, except, indis- 

 tinctly, in the case of one female. 



In order to secure ('Iiri/Miphanus ottomannsl had been told that 

 I must visit Mesolonghi, another place on the sea-level, but very 

 different from Loutraki. Instead of the dry, arid shores of the Gulf of 

 Corinth, Mesolonghi lay surrounded by low, damp meadows, and 

 unhealthy marshes — a perfect fever-bed of snakes and mosquitoes. 

 Marcus did not appreciate the snakes at all, though he was never so 

 vehement in his protestations that he was " not afraid " of them, as 

 when he had just jumped half a foot off the ground at the sight of 

 one ; or possibly on no greater provocation than the rustle of a lizard 

 in the grass ! 13ut C oWnnaniis had to be captured, so snakes and 

 mosquitoes alike must for the time being be put up with. And this was 

 the chosen haunt of this brilliant little butterfly, flashing like a spark 



