70 THR KNTOMOLOGIST's RECORD. 



ants, F. rufa, fu^ca and saniiuinea, L. flavus, fuligiiiosus, tiu/er, 

 umbratu!^ and aliemi^, Mijrmica acabrinodis, laerinoiHa and snlcinodis. 

 On April 23rd, I introduced specimens taken at Portland with Ladiis 

 niger into my " observation nest" of /''. rufa. They all entered the 

 nest, the ants paying no attention to them. Specimens were afterwards 

 seen on April 24th and 27th, May 14th and 15th, and July 19th. 

 Wasmann (loc n't., p. 201) records it with the following ants, Formica 

 rufa, pratciisi:^, sani/uinca, fuaca, chwrea, Cauijionotus lii/mpt'rdu.'^, Lasius 

 fulifiinoxus, nii/rr, alirnus, jiarus, uuihratus, brunneus, I'uianiuiatus. 

 'Myrmita lacrinodis, Tctramor'mm cacsjiituw, Leptot/wra.v acrrrontm and 

 ApltenDijaster Ktrnctur. 



A few weeks' entomologising in Spain. '^ 



By T. a. chapman. M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



Spain is a large country, appearing on the map as not far from a 

 square of 500 miles across. It presents, therefore, many ditt'erent 

 districts and features. That aspect of the country best known to the 

 English tourist, personally conducted and otherwise, is based on a 

 certain number of towns and centres of historic fame, which are now 

 well arranged for by railways, hotels and other facilities for the comfort 

 of the ordinary traveller, who likes to stick to the beaten track. 



In making our excursion to Spain last summer, Mr. Champion 

 and I did not regard this more hackneyed phase of a tour in Spain, 

 but determined to visit that district which is most remarkable in its 

 entomological features. Though we did, indeed, visit Madrid. 

 Toledo, and some other points, our time was chiefly spent a day 

 or two's journey away from railways, where foreigners' and espe- 

 cially Englishmen's visits are of the rarest, and everything is 

 purely Spanish. The district was that of the Sierra Albarracin, 

 rendered notable a quarter of a century ago by the Rev. Canon 

 Zapater discovering two butterflies, one quite new and found 

 nowhere else, vis., Erebia zapater i, the other a large Satyrid, Sati/rut^ 

 prieuri, which, though known from Africa, is found nowhere else in 

 Europe. The insect fauna has since been well explored in several 

 directions by a German entomologist — Professor Korb — but remained 

 a terra incof/nita to Englishmen until four years ago, when Mrs. 

 Nicholl, the most energetic and enterprising of all our collectors of 

 butterflies, visited the district. I have not learnt that any English 

 entomologist had been there since, until our visit. The district is 

 about a hundred miles east of Madrid, and about half-way between the 

 capital and the Mediterranean shore. 



The country is hilly, but not mountainous in any sense that we 

 understand that word, as applied to the Alps, the Pyrenees, Norway, 

 or even to Scotland. It is to be remembered that a large part of Spain, 

 including Madrid, is 2000 or more feet above the sea. The lowest 

 portions of this hill-country are at an elevation of 3000ft. and this 

 only in the river valleys ; and the highest very little over 5000ft. except 

 in one or two elevated ridges touching 6000ft. The greater part of 

 the area is between 3500ft. and 4500ft., rough and irregular, cut into by 

 valleys and gorges, and only occasionally presenting the aspect of an 

 upland tableland of about 4000ft. elevation. This hilly country 



• Read before the South London Entomological Society, Dec. 12th, 1901. 



