A FEW WKKKs' KNTO>[OL()(iIST\r, IX SPATX. 71 



reaches from west to east, from Cnenca in Castile, to Teriiel in 

 Aragon, for perhaps about GO miles, and for 30 or 40 miles from north 

 to south, but is not definitely cut off from similar hilly country 

 except by river valleys that are not always of any great breadth. Of 

 course, we only sampled this large district at a few points, and any 

 generalisations I may make are, of course, to be qualified by that 

 limitation. 



On our way out we stayed for a day or two at Arcachon, where Mr. 

 Champion got a few beetles, and where the forests of Pinus maritinnm 

 present many interesting things to the entomologist. I took nothing, 

 however, but SjJiin.r i>i>iastn', a Cnethth'ampa jn'ti/ocanipa $ , some very 

 dark Clirj/s(ip/ia7u(s phUwas and larva" of Luffia lapiddla. We did not see 

 Melitata atlialia, which abounded under the pine-trees on my first visit, 

 many years ago, with some nice dark aberrations. 



At Madrid we had the pleasure of meeting Senor Don Ignacio 

 Bolivar de Cerrutin, so well-known as an orthopterist, and Senor Don 

 Serafin de Uhagon, after whom are named sundry coleoptera, as well 

 as the fine variety or dimorphic form of the female of Satyrm pricuri. 

 These gentlemen very kindly assisted us in various ways, and gave us 

 several useful introductions. 



We visited the Escorial rather as sight-seers than as naturalists, 

 but we called on Sefior Don Jose Hernandez Alvarez at the School of 

 Forestry there, and learnt something of the insect fauna of the district. 

 Abraxas pantaria was abundant, and I took Sati/nis jidia, Bri/ophila 

 7nnrah's, and several other species of equally little importance. We 

 also visited Toledo, again as mere tourists, but received the impression 

 that some good collecting could be done there. In Madrid itself 

 various butterflies and other insects were seen, and a very large noisy 

 Cicada was common in the public gardens. 



All this, by the way. We now proceeded 125 miles by rail to Cuenca, 

 entering here the fringe of the Albarracin Sierra. At Cuenca we 

 found much interesting collecting-ground in the gorge of the little 

 river Huecar and in the various side-gullies entering it, and in the 

 uplands at Palomera and elsewhere towards the sources of the little 

 stream. Cuenca itself is most picturesquely situated at the junction 

 of the Huecar with the Jucar, occupying the precipitous rocks of the 

 tongue between the two streams, though the modern town has spread 

 down on to the level ground below. Below the town is a good deal of 

 cultivated land. Here we saw Choreutcs hjcrkandreUa in swarms about 

 the Cardon plants, and, on a flat by the river, where young poplar 

 scrub was plentiful, I found the leaves freely populated by a P/ii/Uocnistis 

 larva, that attracted my attention as differing much in habits from 

 P. stijf'asella, as met with in England and Switzerland. P. siijt'iificlla is 

 much the more frequent on the upperside of the leaf and makes a 

 long mine of perhaps six or even twelve inches in length, winding 

 about on the surface of the leaf. The Cuenca species was on the 

 underside of the leaf, rarely the upper, commenced its mine close to 

 the petiole on the midrib, and mined along the margin of the leaf for 

 a very short way, often only a bare half inch before pupating. The 

 moth and pupaagree precisely with thoseof HerrLuder's P.sorltancndla. 

 I do not know whether the difference of habit is characteristic of that 

 species, or is attributable to climatic and other conditions. As in 

 most other parts of the district, P(jlijo))u)iatas astrarc/ie w&s eiLceedingly 



