120 THE ENTOMOLOfilST's RECORn. 



Krcbia zapateri, from emerging so late this year, gave us a less 

 opportunity of observing it than we might have wished. It seems 

 confined to a comparatively small area ; Puerto de la Losillo and 

 Bronchales, where we saw it, and Guadalaviar, where Ave were told it 

 occurred, are all within a circle of 20 miles in diameter. It is only to 

 be found amongst the pines, and never on a limestone soil, at Puerto 

 de la Losillo on sandstone, at Bronchales on some metamorphic strata. 

 The elevation is about 4500ft. It seemed to occur in the dense pine 

 forest, but more often in opener places, but never out in wide grassy 

 openings. It is not always associated with ArctostapJiylos iira-msi, with 

 the growth of which Mrs. Nicholl identifies it. Nevertheless, this 

 plant is characteristic of the pine forests of the Albarracin district 

 where K. zapateri occurs, and is quite wanting near Cuenca or Traga- 

 cete, where otherwise very similar ground occurs, but from which 

 /?. zapateri has never been reported. It does not fly far and soon 

 settles, and is easily caught, unless you alarm it, when it goes straight 

 away and it is not very hopeful to follow it, unless the ground be more 

 smooth and open than usual. 



The districts covered l)y pine forest had usually a richer vegetation 

 of a less specialised character, to some extent, no doubt, owing to the 

 shade of the trees preserving moisture, but also, no doubt, very often 

 to the soil not being so arid as on the limestone. In the open lime- 

 stone country, thorny plants were especially common, and some of 

 these were very attractive to insects, especially two species of Er>/u(/iinii 

 and a yellow -flowered composite, not unlike chicory. I several times 

 observed butterfiies, to escape capture, dive into such prickly plants, 

 and moths did so also, whether they took any plant, or selected 

 spinous ones, I could not say; Theclas and blues on Eri/ntiimii especi- 

 ally did this, making their escape when seated on the flowers by going 

 through the plant instead of leaving it directly. A natural con- 

 sequence of this abundance of spinous vegetation was that, quite 

 apart from specimens being old and worn in species for which Ave 

 Avere too late, a A"ery large proportion of specimens, otherAvise fine, 

 had their wings torn and slit, obviously from these thorns. 



The following is a list of butterflies taken : — Papilio podaliriiis, 

 c )mmon at Cuenca, elscAvhere scarce. P. maehaon, frequent on all 

 hilltops. Paritassiidi apolln, at all localities, most abundant at Bron- 

 chales and GuadalaA'iar. Ajioria crataet/i, Cuenca and elseAvhere, nearly 

 over. J'ieria hra.ssicae, not frequent. P. rapae, commonest at Traga- 

 cete. P. iiapi, not very common. /'. ilaplidiee, common, often 

 abundant. Lejitidia siiiapis, Tragacete. ( 'nlias Iii/ale, common every- 

 Avhere. ('. eilxsa, less abundant. (Toncjiterij.r r/iamni, common at all 

 localities. (i. elenpatra, equally common. Pi/raiiieis atalanta, not 

 common, noticed at TrcXgacete. P. eardui, common everyAvhere. 

 Vanessa i<>, noticed at Ti'agacete. Ai/lais nrtirae, frequently seen, not 

 abundant. l'(di/(/o)iia c-allniui, frequent, not abundant. Melitaea 

 pkoehe, M. ilidi/iixt, and M. at/ialia, common CA'eryAvhere. M. partlieiiie, 

 frequent, but I cannot definitely divide them from 3/. athalia. Ih-enthia 

 hecate, not seen at Cuenca, common elseAvhere. Ari/i/nnis lathonia, 

 frequent everywhere. A. arflaia, frequent everyAvhere, noAvhere 

 abundant. A. iiiobc, tAvo specimens at Puerto de la Losillo. A. adippe 

 var. c/dnnidij'pe, common everyAvhere, often abundant. Dryas pajdiia, 

 common, abundant at Tragacete. /'. jHoiddva, common, often abun- 



