124 THE entomologist's record, 



precise circumstances acting on the larva or pupa determine the point 

 as to when the imago shall hegin its development, especially in the 

 case of those that go over two or more years, appears to be quite 

 unknown. 



Lepidoptera in the Swiss Alps. 



]jy -7. N. KEYNES, M.A., D.Sc. 



Tht; following record of Initterllies caught in Switzerland during 

 three weeks in August, 1901, may be of interest to entomologists who 

 are contemplating a visit to Switzerland, but are unable to leave 

 England in the more fruitful months of June and July. It should 

 be said at the outset that the record has been written for the benefit 

 of novices, not of experts. In the identification of specimens use has 

 been made of Kane's HaniUiimh of l-^i(n>/>caii 1 1 iitti'i-ji ic^ n.nd Hofmann's 

 j)ir (irnss-SrlniicttcrHiiiic F.iir<i}Hts (both of which we took with us for 

 reference) and Lang's Jluftrrjiirs nf F.unii>r (which we have been able 

 to consult only since our return home) ; at IJorisal we received assistance 

 from Dr. Coulon ; and the Rev. George AVheeler has been most kind 

 m helping us to decide doubtful points. Our party consisted of six 

 persons, but only three of us (sometimes only two) carried nets. 



We reached Lucerne on August 5th. The weather on the two 

 following days was dull and we did not see many butterflies. 

 August 8th and 9th were, however, brilliantly line, and we made a 

 number of captures on tlie slopes of Pilatus, between Hergiswyl and 

 the suunuit. Amongst the si;)ecies caught on these two days were 

 t'Dliaa In/alt', Xrji/n/nis hctiilaf {n freshly emerged and very fine 

 specimen), 'rhala ir-allnuu. IJnicintis sihi/Uo (four specimens, all worn), 

 I'oli/iiiDiid r-alliinii. Ilrnithis jiilrs, II. ilia, Anjipiiiis tiiohe (type), Jh-i/as 

 jxip/iia (very abundant), I'.rrhiu indaiiijins. I\. liijra, /•.'. prono? var. iiitht, 

 /•,'. iiiantd and I'arayfir uuirra. We were surprised at not seeing more 

 Lycamids : tlic only species observed were Pohioiiimatiis icanis, P. 

 corj/doii and /'. ilaiinni, and of these there were but few. On August 9th 

 we also caught, near Lucerne, Papilio macliaan and yisoiiiadcs fat/es. 

 August loth and 11th were foi- the most part spent in travelling, and 

 on the second of these dciys tlie weather changed again for the worse ; 

 between Spiez and Kandersteg, however, we caught a fine Pitrancssa 

 antiopa and our first Parimssins apollo. On August 12th, which was 

 spent at Kandersteg, it rained most of the day. On the following day 

 we crossed the Gemmi, walking in cloud the greater part of the way 

 to the top. This was disappointing as we had counted on getting 

 several new species on the Gemmi Pass. August 14th was very fine, 

 and the road from Leukerbad to Imden (about three miles) was 

 literally swarming with butterfiies, especially Pobjonnnatin^ ihuiion, 

 which settled in large numbers together by the roadside. Amongst 

 our other captures on the roadside were Ajioria crataiyi, C/iri/sop/uiitus 

 rir'/tiKnac, Pdlniioiiia c-albimt, MAitava aiiirliK and Safi/rus Iicnirionc. 

 On the same day we caught l 'olias /iliicoiiKine and Mditaca )>artlicmc 

 var. niiia in a field near Leukerbad, and Chrysophaniis (lorilis near 

 Leuk Station. Whilst driving to Leuk we saw one or two specimens 

 of what appeared to be Papilio podalirim, but we could not A\ait to go 

 in pursuit. 



(_)ui' next stopping-place was Bcrisal, where Ave spent about ten days. 



