SCIENTIFIC NOTES, 129 



make 86 rings in about 27nm. of thi.s proboscis, against 47 in a similar 

 length of a normal one. The interest of this specimen centres in its 

 bearing on the phylogeny of Manduca, and generally on the relations 

 of imaginal organs to their conditions in the pupal stage. The pupa 

 of Aland iica presents the same modifications of the head and maxilla* 

 that distinguish the S/diiiuiidae, as compared with the Amorpltidae 

 [Smerinthus) and all other lepidoptera. This is essentially a back- 

 ward rotation of the head to lengthen the space for the proboscis. 

 Mandm-a then, belongs to a group, or we may say, is descended from 

 ancestors, that had to strain every effort in the pupa to accommodate a 

 long proboscis. Mandnca has now, however, a very short proboscis. 

 The pupal proboscis is 40mm. long, the imaginal only 16mm. The 

 pupal proboscis is the imaginal proboscis at a certain stage of its 

 development, all that is purely pupal is the chitinous sheath that is 

 left behind when the imago emerges. In the early pupal stage, then, 

 the proboscis of M. atropos is 40mm. long, but, beyond a layer of almost 

 embryonal hypodermic cells and some nervous and tracheal cords, 

 it is almost without structure ; when the structure characteristic of the 

 imago begins to develop, it does so throughout the whole 40mm. of 

 pupal structure. The extremity of the proboscis develops at the end 

 of the 40mm., and, as development progresses, at least towards the 

 end of the process, the proboscis leaves the pupal sheath and shortens 

 by contraction affecting its whole length, to the imaginal dimensions, 

 the vacant space being temporarily filled with fluid. What does not 

 occur is for the basal 16 millimetres of the pupal proboscis to develop 

 into the imaginal proboscis and the remaining 24mm. in some vague 

 way to do nothing. This specimen shows the process of contraction 

 from the early pupal to the imaginal dimensions arrested at a 

 particular point, probably as a result of some injury to the pupa, acting, 

 perhaps, in some degree mechanically, and in some measure as a cause 

 of diminished vitality. — T. A. Chapjian, Betula, Reigate. April, 1902. 

 Teratological examples of Hybernia leucoph-earia. — Search for 

 the spring moths on February 25th in Richmond Park resulted 

 in the capture of four ^Syssia hispidaria, Phit/alia pedaria, two $ s 

 only; and many Hijbemia Iritcujdiaearia. Two of the specimens of H. 

 leacophaearia have the left hind wing missing, each being only 

 represented by a stump. I have since bred two ? Anijihidasi/s 

 stmtaria, which are quite on the way towards being apteroiis, so small 

 are the wings. — J. Henderson, 24, Birchin Lane, E.G. April Ctt/t, 

 1902. 



Distribution of Hemaris fuciformis and H. tityus (bombyli- 

 formis). — Referring to your note (cnitea, p. 112), my experience at 

 Lincoln is that the honeysuckle species, Hemaris fncifoniris, is fairly 

 common and occurs in all the woods in the neighbourhood, 30 or more 

 can easily be taken at rhododendron blooms from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. on a 

 sunny morning, and, while it lasts, at low Howers (Ajidja rcptans, etc.) in 

 the wood drives, by odd ones; the larva is easily found on honeysuckle. 

 The scabious species, //. titi/us, is very scarce and has only been taken 

 in one wood (Newball) up to the present, it flies much earlier in the 

 season and is partial to the barely opened blooms (in the drives) of 

 Ajiiiia reptans. I have not taken the larva or pupa yet. — John F. 

 Musham, Blenheim House, South Park, Lincoln. April llth, 1902. 



Seeing your notes re Beehawks, I might say the honeysuckle 



