THE NEW SYSTEM OF THE DERMAPTEKA. 157 



which have not before been used in connection with the classification 

 of earwigs. In the ^Ipac/u/idac, the genitalia are in duplicate, that is, 

 there are two vasa deferentia, two penes, pnenuptial sacks, and virgao ; 

 for the explanation in detail of the two latter terms, as also of 

 parmeren, we are referred to the author's works upon the abdomen of 

 the coleoptera, appearing in the Arr/iir fiir Natiiri/cscJiichte, 1894-1897, 

 but the somewhat unfamiliar " microthorax " is explained in detail, 

 and its form is discussed in connection with other orders in an 

 appendix. The separation of Apachi/s is perfectly justifiable and will 

 meet with approval from quarters where, doubtless, the other some- 

 what drastic changes may be less cordially received. The remaining 

 genera, as the suborder Kudennaiitera, are divided again into two 

 groups, Ih'andn'a and Monandria, according to whether the genitalia 

 are duplicate, or whether one side is rudimentary or degenerate, and 

 so single. 



The Mouaitdria contain three families ; the first is entirely new, 

 the Karschidlidac, with two new genera, KaischicUa for Pi/nidicrana 

 hi'ittui'ri, Karsch, and A'. camerHnemis, Verhoett", a new species, and 

 Boniniiisia, with two new species, the whole being yEthiopian in 

 distribution. None of these species are familiar to me, but they seem 

 to resemble I'l/iiidicrana in general appearance, but they are all nearly 

 or entirely apterous; they are mainly charaeierised by the extremely 

 thick antennie with segments 4-6 very broad, and by the very robust 

 first abdominal segment ; lateral abdommal folds are absent ; it is to 

 be noted especially that the nymph of Bormamia afncana has clearly 

 segmented cerci, recalling J>iplati/s ; very likely the curious genus 

 Anatarlia, Bolivar, from the Canary Islands, will fall within this family. 

 The remaining families of the Monandria are the ( helidin-idae and 

 the ForjiniUdac, the latter being used in a sense very different from 

 that with which we are familiar. The L'licUduridac are divided into 

 three genera, Chelidura auctorum, with aptcra, Herv., and jij/renaica, 

 Gene, Mi'soc/iclidiira,n., iov only bolivan,Ijovm., and ('/tdidanila for 

 arant/Ki/ii/i/ia, Gene, and iniitica, Krauss. The latter genus is distin- 

 guished by the outline of the abdomen, which is broadest in the middle 

 and narrower at the apex, but the separation of Mesochdidura from L'heli- 

 dara, soisii stricto, appears to be justified upon slenderer grounds, e.;/. — 



Cliclidiira ; Zangen sehr weit von einander entfernt. Pygidium des <? ebenso 

 wie die 10 Kiickenplatte des Abdomens sehr breit, letztere mit schwachen 

 Seitenh(")ckern. Pygidium von oljen her nicht sichtbar, also nicht vorstehend, weil 

 sehr tlach. Subgenitalplatte des s sehr breit. Zangen des ? hinter dem Grunde 

 plotzhch verschniiilert. 



Mesocheluhtra. Zangen weit von einander entfernt. Pygidium des c? wenig 

 breiter als lang, oben kantenartig deutlich vorragend und daher von oben sichtbar. 

 10 Tergit weniger breit, jederseits mit Hooker. Subgenitalplatt ebenfalls weniger 

 breit. Zangen des ? sich alhniihlich verschnuilernd. 

 Both have the " abdomen des ,} keulenformig." 



This fine definition of new genera appears to me to be the weakest 

 part of the new system, and we shall later find similar subtle 

 distinctions made to bear as much, or more, weight. 



Perhaps the greatest surprise of the paper, is the arrangement of 

 the new family ForticiiUdae, which is subdivided into seven subfamilies. 

 The first is new, the Xexof/astrinac, for Ncsdnastcr and Xt'siH/astrrUa, 

 both new, each with one new species from the Oriental region. No 

 illustrations are given, and it is difficult to form an idea of the 



