ON VVINGLESSNESS IN WINTER MOTHS. 43 



the tribe), tip rounded, not produced ; a moderately dentate margin ; a 

 fascia broad at costa narrow at inner margin. Hindvving scarcely dentate, 

 from anal angle to vein 4, rather shorter than beyond, with the appearance 

 of a portion of wing removed. The extreme anal angle slightly produced. 

 Abdomen slender — Kaycia )iuiacldi (type). 



III. SiiKKiNTHiDi. — 1. Daddia: Palpi small, not visible when viewed from above. 



Forewing long and narrow, the tip rather produced between veins H-8. 

 Hindwing long, with the coloured scales extending well up to vein 7. The 

 eye-mark at anal angle reaching margin of wing — Daddia kindennanni 

 (type). 



2. Bcllia, : Palpi extending almost level with head and larger than in Smcrin- 



thu.s. Eyes large for the insect. Antennaa in <? not robust with the pairs 

 of tufts at the joints consisting of thin branches. P^orewing short, greatly 

 excised between veins 2 and 3. Hindwing with the coloration extending up 

 to vein 7 (in Siiicriiithns it extends only to 6). Submedian line entire — 

 Bcllia caecus (type). 



3. Sinerinthun, Latr., " Hist. Nat.," iii., p. 401 (1802). — Smerinthus ocellata 



(type). 



4. Nicliolsonia : Palpi as in S)iieri)ithus, short and rather bristly. Antennas 



with the pectinations very strong in cT . Forewing tip acute, a deep 

 indentation between tornus and vein 4. Submedian transverse line very 

 sharply toothed, but the " tooth " not extending any distance across the 

 wing. Hindwing with margin very slightly indented, most conspicuously 

 so immediately below the ej'e-mark at anal angle. The eye-mark with 

 the " pupil " much smaller than in Snieriiitliux. Pink coloured scales 

 extending up to vein 7 — Nicliolionia saliceti (type). 

 Cala.-<yinboliis, Grote, "Bull. Buti'. Soc," i., p. 23 (1873). — GalasymboluA 

 <isti/lns (type). 



IV. PiiYLLosrHiXGiiDi ( = Clakkiidi). — Flii/llosjiliiiKjia, Swinhoe, "Ann. Mag. Nat. 



Hist.," (6), xix., p. 164(18*17). 'c7((/7.i«, Tutt, "Brit. Lep.," iii., p. 380 

 (11)02). — l-'liyllos2)liingia disdmilitt (type). 



V. A.MOi;rHii>i. — 1. Triptonon, Brem., "Bull. Acad. S. Peters.," iii., p. 474(18(51). 



— Triptonoii iiKide^ta (type). 

 2. Axwrpha, Hb., "Tent.," p. 1 (1800). — ADwrpIia popull (type). 



One other genus on which I lay stress is my L'ockrania (Uritis/i 

 Lep., iii., p. 503), with type croatica, placed by many with Scsui 

 [atellatanun), and having all its affinities Avith IL'iiiaris (facifinmis, 

 titi/iis). The genus is well characterised by its "thick, smooth scaling 

 in the imago," a most unusual Ilemarid character. Its pupa, too, is 

 "characteristically smoother than that of Hcmaris, the wrinkles being 

 very slight and almost evanescent on the abdominal segments, the 

 face-spines forming very Ioav mammilhe, the wing-cases very smooth, 

 and the prespiracular ridges very marked on the 7th abdominal." 



On Winglessness in Winter Moths. 



By T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



Having taken interest for some years in various species of moths 

 whose females are apterous, and having satisfied myself, as nearly as 

 one may satisfy oneself, about such a matter, as to the advantage the 

 species seek to derive from their females having lost their wings, it has 

 occurred to me to consider how far similar causes or objects had pro- 

 duced the apterousness of our winter moths. 



The species I had chiefly investigated were species of Xotuloji/tiis 

 {(Jr<ji/ia), of Psychids (macro- and micro-), and of Heterogynids. In all 

 these cases the apterousness is associated with one peculiarity of habit, 

 viz., the eggs are laid on or in the cocoon or pupa-case of the moth her- 

 self. It is obvious that, if this be overwhelmingly the most desirable 

 place for these species to lay their eggs in, wings would be not only 



