NOTES ON CULI.F.CTINU. 5B 



Extended duration of pupal stage. — With reqard to the habit 

 of pupfe lying over, is not this habit due greatly to climate '? 

 Do any species lie over whose period of emergence is between June 

 21st and August 30th, a period when the temperature is usually 

 favourable ? Certainly the species most liable to remaining in 

 the pupal stage over twelve months are those which emerge in 

 winter, spring, and early summer, such as Lor/uirtx laneKtn'fi, Petasia 

 nubeculosa , Staiiro/nis f(i(/i, etc. If some of the pupie go over every 

 season, the chances of some individuals coming out in favourable 

 weather would be considerably increased in an uncertain climate like 

 ours. — Ibid. 



Forcing Acidaliids. — Acidalia iiiiitiiria. — About August 19th last^ 

 I obtained from a $ ^. iuiitaria a batch of eggs, the larva' from which 

 I reared and from which I obtained imagines at the end of September 

 and October. I kept the larv* in bottles on the kitchen mantel- 

 piece, feeding them on knotgrass, till they were about two inches 

 long, when one or two pupated. I then put them in a flowerpot 

 with soil in a rather cooler place. Those larviv that pupated 

 in the bottle were left there and kept in the kitchen, and emerged 

 in the last week of September (all had pupated by the middle 

 of that month). Those kept in a cooler place were still pupfe 

 on my return home on October 18th. I then put the flower-pot on 

 the kitchen mantelpiece, and, within a fortnight, the rest emerged, about 

 three dozen in all. Acidalia continuaria. — With the same treatment a 

 brood of A. (■(iiitii/iiaria, of which the ova were deposited at the end of 

 September, emerged the first week of December, eighteen in all. Tliese 

 were fed on chickweed. Acidalia nisticata and A. diliitaiia. — 

 Small broods of A. ni^itieata and A. dilntaria {/lolosericafa) ti'eated 

 in the same way, emerged in September, so I conclude the Acidaliids 

 are not difficult to force through. — Ibid. 



The time of appearance of Asthena blomeri. — I am much obliged. 

 for Mr. Bower's answer to my query (anfea, p. 845), as to the time of 

 emergence of Kiipistrria hcparata in the southern counties, and for his 

 list of dates. As I said before, it is most constant in its appearance here 

 towards the end of May and by mid- June is over. Asthoia bloiiuri also 

 seems to appear much later in the midlands than here. I have seen it 

 in plenty at Sledmere, on June 7th, but never later than the first Aveek 

 or two in July. Whilst visiting Mr. Woodforde at Market Drayton, I 

 saw some, apparently fresh, on July 28th, and I believe Mr. Woodforde 

 said that the species was not really over, so that evidently these two 

 species emerge much earlier in this part of the country than in some 

 others. — S. Walker, 15, Queen Anne's Road, York. 



Extended pupal stage. — It may be well to add to the records 

 (anteii, p. 341), that I had last June a specimen of Laji/idptcrj/.f 

 curnllina emerge, which had been in the pupal stage two years. — Ibid. 



Cerura bicuspis in the Cromer district. — On September 10th, 1902, 

 I took, in the neighbourhood of Cromer, a nearly full-fed larva of < '. 

 bicuspis on alder. I searched well for others but was not rewarded with 

 a further find. For want of better accommodation the larva was kept 

 in a tin box, and supplied with fresh alder leaves, upon which it fed 

 well for nearly a week. On September 17th it ceased to feed, shrank 

 a good deal in size, and spun up during the night on a piece of dried 

 wood. Prior to pupation, it did not change to any extent in colora- 

 tion, as would have been the case with a larva of ( '. rimda. I returned 



