72 THE entomologist's record. 



very difficult. Again, in the matter of moults, I believe there was a 

 sixth moult which I must have missed, but really after the earlier 

 moults the larvae, first one and then another of them, seemed to be in 

 a constant state of moult, and it was difficult to follow any particular 

 individual. Undoubtedly I should have been in a position to have 

 observed these points more accurately if I had confined my attention 

 to a small instead of a lar^e number of larvae. 



Contributions to the Fauna of Spain : Bejar, Avila, etc. 



By T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 



(^('(i)i(iti(l('(l from p. 89.) 



One of the interesting butterflies met wdth was a very hne form of 

 Pleheiiis [Lijccwna] ari/us, L. (the old aei/on of our British lists). It 

 was very abundant in one small piece of ground southeast of 

 Bejar, about July 9th, but was hardly seen elsewhere. As with 

 several other species taken at Bejar, it varies from the usual form 

 chiefly by its large size, measuring 86mm. in expanse, very decidedly 

 exceeding any other variety I have seen or heard of. Like the 

 ordinary from it varies within somewhat wide limits. It is usually 

 dark violet, with a well-marked black border, and the veins dark and 

 widening to the border. The hindwing has frequently a well-marked 

 series of black spots, connected with, or separate from, the very 

 narrow black border, and with a strong tendency to a white band. 

 Just within this border the underside is almost white, with the usual 

 markings very distinct, but rarely with any metallic colouring in the 

 marginal eyes. The 5 is also large, colour from nearly black to a 

 very brown tint. Fringe rarely all white, more usually only so at 

 apices of all wings, and may be fuscous nearly throughout. The 

 orange marks may be almost wanting on forewings, or may be well- 

 marked to apex. On some, the orange bands on hindwings are com- 

 pleted to a circle by & white or blue line, apparently corresponding with 

 the white band on <? . The underside is much paler than that of the 

 type, the paler marginal colour usually forms a white marginal line 

 just outside marginal ocelli, and usually a white band just internal 

 to them. Metallic nuclei are more frequent in ? than in ^. Lyctenids 

 were certainly rare, I'dbjoiiniiatits astrarchc was everywhere, sometimes 

 in some numbers; Xontiades iiwlanojis, rather a large and variable 

 form was often met with ; Laiiijndcs boetka turned up frequently lu 

 odd specimens, i'ubioiniiiatns icctiKs, ('upido niitdnia, and y.oiiiiades 

 sc)iiia);ius were also seen, but rarely, and I'lebnus arf/its [acr/on], in the 

 line form already mentioned, was abundant in one locality, but with this 

 exception blues were seldom seen. There were no I'ldiinvunutm 

 (■(in/doii, P. Injlas, P. caclwri, P. daiiioii, I', udiiietiis, or P. hellaiyns — 

 the want of limestone was probably a large factor in the defect of this 

 exhilarating little group of butterflies. Whenever there was oak 

 scrub, Thrcla spiiii and T. iliris occurred occasionally in some num- 

 bers, T. sjiiiii being apparently the more abundant. Except 

 Chrtjuojilianiis /ddaeas and C. ilurUis, (J. i/ordinH was the only copper 

 captured, these were frequent, fine large fellows, up to 45mm. 

 Si/riihthi(s sao, a very large form, 29mm. (22niiu.-26mm. being 

 normal) in expanse, colour beneath a little less brilliant than usual, 



