90 THE ENTOArOLOrTlST's RKCORD. 



carefully- tied stl•i^<,^ The larvit, in an appai'alus like this, generally 

 keep well to their food, and only get restless when it gets stale or the 

 water has evaporated below the ends of the twigs. In changing, it is 

 necessary to fit up a second apparatus, and cut off the small pieces of 

 the leaves on which are the cases, dropping them on top of the twigs 

 of the second bottle. In a short time the larva? will have transferred 

 themselves and their cases to a new leaf, and the abandoned pieces cnn 

 then be readily i-emoved, in case mould may ensue. When collecting 

 the cases of this species, one frequently meets with small and curiously 

 curved cases. These are the cases of the very young larviP, and are 

 soon abandoned after the leaves develop in tht; spring. They are in- 

 variably situated at the base of the leaves, near to the midrib and 

 margin. 



C. LAKicELLA.— This is an abundant species where any quantity of 

 larch grows — in fact, in places it is quite a pest, disfiguring the young 

 growth. It is one of the smaller species of the genus, and from the 

 nature of its foodplant, very easy to breed, but from its size very 

 difficult to set well. ] have taken it at West Wickham, Box Hill, 

 Guildford, and often on isolated larches in other places. 



C. ALBiTARSELLA is not SO common a species. The first cases I found 

 were in Lewi sham, in a lane hallowed by the researches of Stainton, 

 Douglas, and Scott, and now, alas, nearly obliterated by the demons — 

 bricks and mortar. Here it was in abundance on ground ivy, but I found 

 it difficult to breed, as I had no plant potted ready to receive the larvae. 

 Another difficulty met with in this species is that, like many of the 

 herbaceous-feeding members of the genus, the larv*, when full-fed, 

 wander, and pupate on fences, woody stems, &c. This necessitates 

 close covering of the foodplant, and also facilities in the way of suitable 

 objects on which the larva? may fix themselves. This species must be 

 kept out of doors, and, if possible, under the shelter of a hedge, to 

 imitate the position of its usual habitat. With the tree-feeding species 

 one can get them through if taken in the spring without placing them 

 out. 



C. PALLiATELLA. — This, to me, is a most attractive little species, both 

 in the imaginal and larval stage. It is said to feed on oak and sallow, 

 but I have only found it on the former. The first time I met with it 

 was in Epping Forest while beating, its large irregular case with two 

 more or less loose flaps being a most conspicuous object in the beating- 

 tray. It seems somewhat sparingly distributed, occurring at Oxshott, 

 West Wickham, Westerham, &c. 



C. BADiiPENNELLA. — This local spccies I met with last year for the 

 first time, near Southend, Kent. It was restricted to a short length 

 of elm hedge, under the shelter of a thick wood, above a moist ditch, 

 and protected from the full sun by a belt of trees on the opposite side 

 of the lane. I found it quite easy to breed indoors in the apparatus 

 described above. 



C. NioRicELLA IS a vcry common species on the hawthorn hedges 

 around London and in Epping Forest, on isolated thorn and sloe bushes. 

 It falls into the beating-tray in numbers when working for spring 

 larvjE. 



C. CjKSpititiella is, perhaps, the commonest .species- -at any rate, 

 it is rarely that one can look over a clump of rushes without finding the 

 whitish cases in abundance. This species is a seed-feeder, and, by 



