184 THE ENTO:\rOLOGIST's RKrORD. 



Form. — These measurements do not show that from nose-spine, 

 which forms the extreme apical front of the pupa, for nearly 8-Omm. the 

 ventral line of the pupa is quite straight. The dorsal line (from nose- 

 spines) proceeds nearly backwards, /.'., what might be called the front 

 of the pupa (the head and prothorax) sweeps round continuously into 

 the dorsum, so that at 2-Oinm. posterior to the front the antero- 

 posterior width is f5-0mm., the dorsal is then parallel to the ventral 

 line, till a marked waist is formed at the mesothorax, when again the 

 dorsal line recedes from the ventral to the deepest part of the pupa 

 (6-Omm.) at the 3rd abdominal segment. Hence the front line bends 

 backwards to the end of maxilla', continuing in nearly the same line 

 to the cremastral spike. Dorsally the outline is, from the 3rd ab- 

 dominal segment to the base of spike a continuous curve. Viewed 

 dorsally or ventrally the pupa has a square front (nose-spines) 2mm. 

 across, in the next 2-Omm. it sweeps outwards to the wing-spines, 

 with square outline, where the width is omm., which is continued 

 along the wing crest (continuous and identical with Poulton's line) to the 

 3rd abdominal, the two sides being parallel, hence it tapers regularly, 

 the cremastral spine is 0-7mm. long, ()-3mm. thick, and O-omm. wide, 

 and is directed rather more ventrally than posteriorly. ANGi.Es.-r-The 

 nose-spines present a somewhat sharp transverse ridge (2'Omm. long) 

 as the extreme anterior portion of the pupa, the ends of the ridge are 

 sharp angles, the angles of a cube, as two other sharp ridges, at right 

 angles to the first ridge and to each other, proceed, the one backwards, 

 the other dorsad (in descriptions of pupa it is necessary, though some- 

 what difficult, to remember that dorsal is the opposite of ventral, and 

 backwards the opposite of forwards). The former fading out at base of 

 2nd legs (l-omm.), the latter when approaching antenna (()-9mm.) 

 The wing-spine has a somewhat complicated aspect. Dorsally it 

 repeats in outline (l-5mm. further back and further out), the nose- 

 spines. There starts, from the outer margin of antenna, opposite middle 

 of eye, a sharp ridge with a slight cur\ ature, which forms the sharp 

 point of the wing-spine, and thence proceeds backwards, as a sharp 

 angular ridge, identical with Poulton's line, for 5-Omm. to the anal 

 angle of the wing. From the wing-spine a short ridge passes directly 

 dorsally. The anterior lip of the 1st spiracle forms a small ridge or 

 spine, which associates itself with the wing-spine by a short, blunt 

 rid^e, and there is thus enclosed a small square area. The blunt 

 ridge is, in the specimen described, conspicuous from being a pale 

 line, almost the palest portion of pupa. The cremastral spine is thin 

 and flat dorso-ventrally, rather wider laterally ; it is blunt, with some 

 rounded marginal rugosities, but no hooks or hooked bristles. The 

 wing-ridge divides the wing into a small dorsal portion, at its widest 

 quite 1-Omm. wide, which faces nearly dorsal, and the main portion of 

 wing, which is flat rather than rounded, and faces between ventrally 

 and laterally, leaving the antenn:e, maxilbe, and legs to form a flat 

 ventral surface near the head, and, opposite the 3rd abdominal segment, 

 almost a keel. Appendages. — The glazed eyes are nearly a semi- 

 circle, facing very little forward of ventral. The central rough area, 

 the glazed margin, dipping down to the actual line, then a very 

 narrow glazed line, followed by a dull, but hardly rough, dark area, 

 occupying the space between the antenna and the pale backwards 

 rid^e of the nose-spine. The antennie start on the dorsum, very close 



