PRACTICAL HINTS. 241 



closely and minutely pitted. The other dark portion is the anal spike, 

 which is of ordinary chitinous brown. The anal spike is rather broad, 

 and sinks into the general surface by brown wrinklings that make it 

 difficult to say whether it should be called 0-5nim. or 1-Omni. long. 

 Its ventral face forms a rather deep recess, with a distad face for the 

 anal scar, and nearly at right angles to this a ventrad face like an 

 arched alcove, with prominent corrugated sides, and beyond it a short 

 square piece, longitudinally striate, terminating in a transverse ridge, 

 the end of the spike, about 0-3mm. across, and carrying half a dozen or 

 so (some seem broken ofi) minute straight spines, not hooked in any 

 way. The ^ tubercles are obvious, but are low. flat, and colourless, 

 and quite close to the anal scar, and, between the ends of pillars flank- 

 ing the ventral hollow of the anal spine. This is all, so to speak, 

 included in the fact that of the 14-5mm. the pupa is long, the ventral 

 length of the last six abdominal segments (including anal spike 1mm.) 

 is only 2-8mm. The bases of the antennae are very close together 

 dorsally. The first leg is a very small scrap l-5mm. long, the second 

 7*0mm. The antennas just fall short (by O'Hmm.) of wings and 

 maxilhf . The cheeks (mandibles'?) meet in the middle line, cutting oft' 

 the labrum (as a triangular piece) from the maxilla;. The glazed eyes 

 are well marked, and face a little forward of ventrad. jMaxillae, legs, 

 and antennae have transverse markings, faint, but slightly darker than 

 ground, and apparently accompanied by an impressed line. Those on 

 antenna^ very regular, marking segments. The wings are more dis- 

 tinctly marked by transverse waved lines, in something of the manner 

 of the wing of ( Vm»s, purely transverse basally, centrally rather as 

 netting by the addition of a good many longitudinal lines, and fading out 

 in the hind fourth of the wing. The lines are partly in colour partly in 

 texture. The neuration is marked by raised ribs, but so slight that one 

 can hardly be quite sure they exist. The wings are so transparent that 

 the trachefe of the primitive neuration are easily seen, at least towards 

 the hind margin, with some difficulty as to light also towards the base, 

 and some possibility of confusion from those of the hindwing being 

 also more or less visible. Poulton's line is marked by a difterence of 

 tone and a suggestion of an angle, quite distinct, but how is not very 

 evident. Hindwing pushes back spiracle of 2nd abdominal, and 

 ends behind that of 3rd. The dorsal sculpture is very fine wrinkling, 

 rather transverse in front, tending to be longitudinal behind. There 

 is down the abdomen a faint dorsal line, darker, with a tendency to a 

 yellow patch on each segment. There is a similar yellow tendency as 

 a subdorsal line, and below this (line of tubercle iii ?) a shade similar 

 to the dorsal one, and like it marked on 6, 7 and 8, by an actual 

 tendency to a faint darker coloration. — T, A. Chapman, M.D., Betula, 

 Reigate. 



JP^RACTICAL HINTS*. 



Field work for September and October. 



1. — Towards the end of September the pupse — and in late seasons 

 larvae — of Peronea loi/iana may be found in " pockets " in screwed-up 



• " Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist," Pts. I and II each contain 

 acme 1250 practical hints similar to these, but relating chiefly to the Maoro- 

 lepidoptera. Interleaved for collector's own notes. Price 6s. each part. 



