LIFE-HISTORIES. 79 



wart with eight or nine hairs ; vii is a corneous phile with twehu or four- 

 teen hairs at base of prolegs. On the 1st and 2n(l abdominals are, below 

 V, two smaller Aretian warts (vi and vii ?), one above the other, and 

 then a small ventral wart of three or four hairs. On the 7th, the arrange- 

 ment is the same, except that the ventral wart has one good hair and 

 a minute accessory, and there is a single hair between it and vii (?) ; 

 the 8th is practically identical, but the warts a little reduced. On each 

 abdominal segment the skin-hairs (secondary tubercles) areall behind the 

 main circle of horns and warts ; dorsally are 4, arranged as though 

 they were the trapezoidals, but they are all dorsal to i + ii. ]3etween 

 i + ii and iii and down to just below the spiracles are others; there are 

 hardly any ventrally, except as accessory to the ventral tubercle. The 

 prothoracic plate is very small, but has a tall pyramid on each side and 

 rather in front of it, apparently attached to it, as if a development of 

 the front angle of the plate ; immediately behind the plate are two 

 small warts ; below the plate on each side are successively three 

 (Aretian) warts, the spiracle being behind and a little above the middle 

 one. The 2nd and 3rd thoracics have a large dorsal pyramid on each 

 side of the middle line, fixed together by a narrow black chitinous slip, 

 behind which are a pair of strong solitary hairs, and others behind the 

 main transverse line of warts appear to be symmetrical. The line of 

 warts, after the first large one, consists of four (Aretian) warts, of which 

 the fourth is double, or has a small accessory one in front of it. These 

 two segments have, however, another pair of pyramids ; these are well 

 in front of the main transverse line, and are a little outside the main 

 pair, in fact, just outside the first (Aretian) wart. The 9th and 10th 

 abdominals are not easily distinguished as to what belongs to each ; 

 there is on the 9th a pairof tall pyramids, a pair of small (Aretian) warts, 

 and (on the 9th), ventrally, a small wart and a hair or two. The anal 

 plate is densely black, square, and has on each side a tall pyramid 

 (unless this belongs to the 9th). [From larvae received from Mr. St. 

 Quintin, who will probably give biological details in due course. Refe- 

 rence may be made to vol. xvi., pp. 236 ct seq., pi. ix and x, for figures 

 and description of the egg and newly-hatched larva.J — T. A. Chapman, 

 M.D., Betula, Reigate. .hinaartjlhth, 1905. 



A QUKSTION AS TO THK PUPAL SUSPENSION OF PoLYOMMATUS CORYDON. 



Mr. Lowe sends me two pupa-cases of P(ilij<i)ninatHs cort/ilnn, and asks 

 me to say what light they throw on the question as to whether the 

 pupa is suspended or lies free on the ground. The authorities, led by 

 Mr. Tutt, apparently say that it lies free and unattached, whilst Mr. 

 Lowe feels pretty certain that these particular specimens were 

 suspended, though they were shaken loose in travelling home. The 

 pupje present no trace of ever having had a girth ; the anal extremity 

 is rounded and possesses a good many short straight hairs, but none of 

 them hooked in the ordinary way of the cremastral hau-s in pupso that 

 are attached to silken pads. It is quite certain, therefore, that if by 

 suspended we mean attached to a silken pad by a girth and a creinaster, 

 these pupa* are not suspended, but quite free and unattached. lUit 

 this is not the whole story. When the pupiv reached me one had still 

 attached to thu anal extremity the cast larval skin, from the other the 

 larval skin was loose, but had evidently been recently attached precisely 

 as the other was. Anteriorly, these skins were somewhat dilated to 

 receive the ends of the pupa', and were still longer than broad (5unn. 

 and 2mm.). It was obvious that the cremastral hair,- i-nabled the 



