PUPAT, SKIN OF CHRYSOPHANUS PHLiF.AS. 173 



their essential nature, and these are connected together by fine rid^res. 

 The annexed photographs (by F. N. Clark. Esq.) of a portion of the 

 dorsum of a pupa of Chri/f<oi)Jianiis pldacoit, shows also a number of 

 points connected together by fine ridges ; the points are, however, 

 much farther apart, and the ridges consequently longer and also 

 narrower. The points, however, instead of being of fairly uniform 

 size and structure, are of two kinds, very distinct in their nature and 

 structure, and yet perhaps identical, in that certain intermediates 

 exist. Those that are most definitely " points "• are very much smaller 

 than those of T. hallm, perhaps ith or i-th of them in diametei'. Of 

 some the structure is not very evident, but of most of them it seems 

 to be very parallel to those of T. hallux, viz., a raised thick ring, with 

 a central object that is hardly part of the ring, but set within it. The 

 ring is very smooth in outline, both inside and out, and the inner 

 little knob is separated from it by a paler rmg, that looks very similar 

 to the membrane or articulation of a hair. The little knob seems of 

 simple structure, and without any of the stellate form of those in T. 

 balliis. 



The other form of " points " are veritable hairs, i.e., they have 

 definite circular bases, just like those of ordinary hairs, and, centrally, 

 is articulated a movable structure that can only be morphologically a 

 hair. These hairs are, however, of very elaborate structure, they are 

 hollow, and expand at the tops, so as to be trumpet-shaped, the bell of 

 the trumpet being large, wide, and expanded, or they may be likened 

 in form to the well-known fungus, the chantarelle. The margins of 

 the bell, however, are not smooth, but cut up into quite a clierauj'-de- 

 frise of spikelets, and, in some specimens, can be made out an inner 

 circlet of similar needle-points a little way within the bell. One or 

 two specimens suggested that these inner spikes were on a separate 

 membrane, that, when the specimen was fresh formed, a dome-shaped 

 cover to the open mouth of the trumpet. 



One can hardly help theorising that the first class of points are 

 really hairs like the second, in an abortive or undeveloped state, and, 

 on comparing, critically, these structures with those of T. ballm, the 

 stars on that pupa would seem to be similar, morphologically, to the 

 hairs of C. phlaeas, but reduced like those of the first kind of points on 

 ( '. plilaeas, to a mere base, but still preserving in their stellate form 

 the fringed and spiculate idea involved in the trumpet of 6'. phlac.as. 



The plate vi shows on fig. 1 a portion of dorsum of an abdominal 

 segment of the pupa of C plilaeaa (x 120), with skin-points connected 

 by ridges, or walls. The skin-points easily recognised are : — (1) Small 

 ones with a circle and small dark centre ; (2) similar, but smaller and 

 ill-developed; (3) large circles with pale centres, in these, the hairs 

 have been broken off, but otherwise they are the same as (4) ring bases 

 with trumpet-hairs. Plate vi., fig. 2, a small portion of pupal skin, 

 more magnified (x 200), showing more clearly the structure of each 

 of these skin-points. 



I find that hairs of a similar general character to those of 0. 

 phlaeas exist on other pupae, and hope to illustrate these later, begin- 

 ning, if possible, with those of C. diapar. One does not altogether 

 wonder at some of these curious hairs having been broken ofl". rather it 

 is matter of surprise that they are not more largely rubbed oft', if only 

 in handling the pupa? to make the observations. 



