SYNOPSIS OF THE ORTHOPTEKA OF WESTERN EUROPE. 205 



and Tokat), Armenia, Altai, Siberia, Amurland, Ussuri region /.<'., the 

 coast region of Siberia, south of the Amur, about Vladivostock, Japan." 

 Of its range in Britain, Meyrick says " Britain to Ross." 1 have 

 taken some trouble to verify this detail, and have to thank Mr. A. 

 Home for the following information : " I have never taken (il^ 

 pajnlionaria actually in Aberdeenshire, but have found it across the 

 Dee in Kincardineshire, also at Forres, in Elgin, in Morayshire, and 

 Invershine in Sutherlandshire. This is one county further north than 

 Meyrick gives. The blue-green specimen is from Rannock." Mr, 

 Shortridge- Clark tells me it is not taken on the Isle of Man, and Mr. 

 Richardson, that it is absent from Portland and Weymouth, where 

 there is no birch. Mr. H. A. Beadle of Keswick, writes, "The only 

 peculiarity I can find in the species is in its vertical distribution. I 

 have taken it in a marsh 220 feet above sea-level, and also nearly to 

 the top of a mountain, 1000 feet above sea-level, where a few birches 

 grow beside a small brook." I may add to this information by 

 recording that I took a specimen last summer, in my parish, at an 

 elevation of perhaps from 10 feet to 12 feet above sea-level. But I am 

 perhaps dilating too much upon points which are common knowledge,, 

 and must proceed without delay to that which is perhaps my own 

 particular, and no doubt, to many, drier observations upon the early 

 stages of the insect. 



{To be concluded.) 



Synopsis of the Orthoptera of Western Europe- 



By MALCOLM BUlUi, B.A.. F.L.S., F.Z.S., K.E.S. 



{Continued from p. 181.) 



Family II. : (Edipodid.*-,. 



This family, which includes those grasshoppers with coloured 

 hindwings, is allied to the Trnxalidae, but differs in the vertical frons, 

 which passes over into the top of the head without making 

 any angle ; the foveolae of the vertex are triangular and never con- 

 tiguous in front ; often they are absent. The form of the pronotum 

 offers useful characters ; the central carina may be entire or inter- 

 rupted, and is sometimes raised into a compressed crest, or it may be 

 cut or broken by the typical sulcus. The elytra have a characteristic 

 venation ; the scapular area has never regular reticulations ; an 

 intercalate vein is always present in the discoidal area ; the wings are 

 usually more or less brightly coloured, often with a characteristic black 

 fascia or band, the posterior femora are compressed strongly and very 

 thick ; the species are usually fairly large and of stoutish build. 



The family is divided into two subfamilies, which have been 

 considered as distinct families by Brunner, but are now generally 

 united. They are distinguished as follows : — 



1. Frontal costa obtuse ; posterior tibise with no external 



apical spine ; second abdominal segment smooth . 1. (I'Ikii-odiN/K. 

 1.1. Frontal costa compressed and sulcate ; pos- 

 terior tibiae with an apical spine on the outer 

 margin ; second abdominal segment granu- 

 lated . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. EREMOBnN<«;. 



Sui'.KAii. 1 : (Edipoijin^. 



