GEOMETKA PAPILIONARIA, LINNE. ■ 225 



in among the primary hairs or enlarged spicules, forming a rough 

 network, to which a few odds and ends become attached. These 

 fragments are of a small size, and a lens is necessary to see them 

 properly, and it 'S quite possible that their attachment is purely 

 accidental. The silk net is, hoAvever, I take it, clear evidence of the 

 ancestral habit of making a coat. 



Pupa, — Two specimens, both females, were received from Mr. F. 

 A. Edelsten, and preserved in weak formalin solution, shortly before 

 they were due to emerge. One of them has lengthened since its 

 immersion in the way characteristic of pupje just before emergence, 

 the other has retained its normal shape, but the colours of both have 

 become dull and somewhat yellowish, the green and the pinkish bloom 

 having departed, and left only yellow and dull red or brown. The 

 description of the specimen which has retained its normal shape is as 

 follows : Length, 19mm. ; from head to end of wing-cases, 11mm. ; 

 greatest diameter at 4th abdominal segment, across wing-cases, 6-5mm. 

 The shape is cylindrical, but for the projection of the wing-cases 

 ventro-laterally. From the 4th abdominal segment to the anal extremity 

 the taper is gradual. A strong conical projection beyond the anus 

 carries the armature of eight tall, slender hooks. This projection is 

 flattened dorsally, and slightly scooped out vertically where it is strongly 

 and evenly striated or grooved from its junction with the anus in a 

 series of upward, and to a less extent outward, curving lines. The anus 

 itself is a very marked feature in this particular specimen, the surface 

 being much wrinkled and corrugated, its colour being very much 

 darker than the general surface. Of the eight hooks above referred to 

 as forming the armature, the two central ones situated at the apex, 

 cross one another, and then open outwards laterally in a wide curve, 

 very much after the manner of a gorge hook for jack-fishing. Of the 

 three on either side of this central pair, two are fairly close to the 

 apex and the remaining one is situated somewhat lower down in a 

 more ventral position, and these hooks are much more compact, having 

 a close spiral curl, not unlike that of a bishop's crozier, those of the 

 upper two curling outwardly in a lateral direction, while the lower 

 one is curved inwardly towards the central pair. The sexual organs 

 are very distinct and clearly marked. Anteriorly, the pupa is bluntly 

 rounded, the head projecting slightly. In general colour it is pale 

 yellow, the outlines of the wings and segmental incisions being all 

 very clearly marked in brown or reddish-brown. The surface, though 

 dead, is smooth as a whole, but the wing-, leg-, and antenna- 

 cases, etc., are rather more rugose, the thoracic, and especially 

 the prothoracic, segments being strongly so, and there is also 

 considerable shading of dark brown on the thorax, as at the anus. 

 The spiracles are slit-like, raised and very distinct, but not 

 distinctively coloured. With a hand lens, the tubercles are also very 

 conspicuous, being darkly coloured, and bearing short curved set^, 

 there are four of these in close proximity to the spiracles on the 4th, 

 5th, 6th, and 7th abdominal segments, and two more on the anterior 

 dorsal area of these segments. It seems probable that the upper 

 of the two above the spiracle is the outermost of the trapezoidals. 

 On the 2nd and 3rd abdominals only the two above the spiracle, 

 and one on the dorsal area, are present, while on the metathorax, one 

 above the base of the wing, and one on the dorsal area only are 



