238 THE entomologist's record. 



spaces between the tubercles widen, and the larva becomes much 

 lighter. The prothorax is provided with a broad plate, almost as deep 

 as the segment. It is black and shiny like the head, and carries eight 

 long black hairs, arranged as in the figure (pi. ix., tig. la). The 

 prothoracic plate has an elongated dent in it. Plate ix., figs. 1 

 azid 2 give a fairly accurate representation of the shiny black 

 tubercles and their arrangement on the body. Some, it will 

 be seen, are double, that is, carry two hairs. On the segment 

 following the 8th abdominal, there is, on each side of the dorsal 

 centre, a "plate" bearing four hairs (four tubercles on a common 

 base). Another plate bearing eight hairs is just over the anal 

 opening. PI. ix., fig. 3 shows the ventral aspect of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd 

 abdominals. The venter of the 7th and 8th abdominal segments shows 

 also some small tubercles. When well advanced in the first stage, the 

 ground colour of the larva is pale yellow, and a subdorsal mottling 

 of light brown appears between and around tubercles i + ii and iii 

 (thoracic) and i, ii and iii (abdominal). It invades the dorsal centre to 

 some extent, in some specimens, on the after part of the segments. 

 There is also a supraspiracular mottling of brown along the sides 

 between tubercles iii and iv. A transverse mottled band joins 

 the two brown lines, aft of the tubercles on all segments. By 

 December 12th, 59 surviving larvfe have nearly reached the end of 

 the first stage, and a great many have developed " sore necks " 

 for the moult. The length at the end of this stage is from 2mm. 

 to 2'4mm. 



Second instar : All had passed the first moult by December 19th. 

 They had become very light coloured towards the end of the 

 previous stage, but now they are dark again, with a rather broad, light 

 dorsal centre. To be accurate, they are pale and rather colourless 

 when fresh from the old skin, but darken in a few hours. Length 

 before commencing to feed in 2nd stage, 2*4mm. and even less when 

 startled. Walking, the larvae reach 3mm. They curl up and drop 

 when irritated, some hanging by a thread. Head when first moulted 

 is white, as are also the tubercles, the bases of the setfe set on them, 

 and the hairs themselves, being black from the beginning. The head 

 and tubercles subsequently become black and shiny. Head much as 

 in previous stage. It appears rather more hairy than before. The pro- 

 thoracic plate, shaped as before, certainly has a larger number of hairs 

 on it, about 14, but I have not been able to count them exactly. The 

 general colour of the body is a livid yellowish-white, and there is a 

 central stripe of this colour. A mottling of brown runs down the body 

 subdorsally, partly enclosing the first large tubercles as before, 

 viz., i + ii thoracic, and ii abdominal. The lateral surface is also 

 lightly mottled with brown, the posterior parts of the segments 

 being best marked, the mottlings sometimes almost joining over 

 the dorsal surface. The subdorsal mottling is sufficiently thick 

 to appear as a consistent line under hand-lens ; it is also thicker in a 

 line running between tubercles iii and iv. The spiracles, just above and 

 to the front of iv, are very difficult to distinguish, but at this spot 

 when a larva was lying on its side I noticed occasional contractions 

 of the skin, causing a temporary dimple or pit (see postea). The con- 

 tractions came at rather long intervals, say 20 or 30 seconds, and 

 only atiected this particular spot. The tubercles are shiny black and 



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