TRUMPET-HAIRS ON THE PUPA OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR. 323 



in the Fens. Of late years the cult of pupa-cases has considerably 

 extended, to some extent, T believe, due to the attention which I have 

 assisted in directing to them, and as one of the results, I noticed that 

 at Stevens' sale-room recently a pupa- case of C. dispar realised a price 

 not altogether below comparison Avith that commanded by the imagines. 

 I fancy there are few persons, besides myself, who would venture to de- 

 stroy (?) one of these pupa-cases by putting it on a glass slide with a view 

 to examining its details, and yet that is certainly one of the uses that 

 must be supposed to be held in view when pupa-cases are preserved. 

 Mr. Clark has made photographs of several portions of this pupa. 

 One of these photographs, reproduced herewith, shows the trumpet- 

 hairs as manifested by this pupa. The figure has a magnification of 

 two-hundred diameters. If it be compared Avith the similar one of (J. 

 phlaeaa {Knt. liecord, 1905, no. 7, pi. vi.), the resemblances will be seen 

 to be very close, differing a good deal from the somewhat allied ones 

 of C. vin/aureae and very much from the remarkable form they assume 

 in ('. aiiiphida))ias. It will be noted that the pupal surface is, in both 

 cases (C. disjjar and ('. p/daeas), and indeed in the others, marked out 

 into small polygonal areas by raised ribs, which have at their junctions 

 rounded tubercles, of Avhich the darker interior shows some indication 

 of radial division into sections. This arrangement is probably identical 

 with that in The^tor balltis {Ent. Record, 1905, pi. v.), where the cells 

 are much smaller and the ribs and tubercles larger, and the latter with 

 more obvious detailed structure. One observes here also that the ribs 

 joining the tubercles, in some cases, do not, in fact, always do so ; but 

 lose themselves by spreading out on the flat areas, often fairly close 

 together, but with the aspect of preferring to take a slightly different 

 direction and finish rather than meet their neighbours. This phase is 

 well illustrated in T. halLua. In some areas, all the tubercles are linked 

 up to their neighbours and there are no loose ends, in others, the ribs 

 merely continue the hexagonal structure of the tubercles and alternate 

 with neighbouring ones instead of meeting them. These two phases 

 are most pronounced on areas somewhat apart, nevertheless they are 

 shown in pi. v., fig. 1. The lower and right hand side shows the 

 tubercles linked together, whilst the alternate arrangement is seen in 

 several tubercles towards the middle of the left hand margin. 



I have suggested (p. 145) that these tubercles represent skin-hairs. 

 I believe now that this is a very doubtful suggestion, since, as a fact, 

 they never by any chance carry hairs. The few very minute hairs 

 that occur on the pupa of T. hallux, always occupy the clear interspaces, 

 and are, therefore, the representatives of the trumpet-hairs of the 

 Chrysophanids. 



It is especially to be observed in both i\ pJdaeas and C. dispay that 

 the trumpet-hairs arise from bases in the interspaces, and never from 

 the ribs or their associated tubercles. 



The plate presented shows the ribs and tubercles strong and clear 

 in places, fading out in others, the trumpet-hairs are perhaps a shade 

 smaller than those of C. phlaeas, 0'05min. tall, 0-Olmm. wide at base, 

 and 0-03mm. to 0-06ram. wide at top in different specimens. They 

 appear to be colourless or glassy in material, any dark lines they 

 show being due to refraction. At top and bottom of figure are two 

 circles that may be " lenticles," but are more probably the bases of 

 trumpet- hairs that have been broken off. One is rather annoyed in a 

 field of view to find one or more hairs obviously broken away, some 



