THE SEASON 1905 IN GERMANY. 325 



usual small numbers. Close observation, and the capture of many 

 specimens of this species and H. mirorum, revealed the presence of B. 

 venmtus {tienilis) in fair numbers. ?J. hortoruw was also very common. 

 (I may here state that I got a fine specimen of B. hortorum var. 

 harrisellus at Malton, Yorkshire, in September, 1903.) Also plentiful 

 were B. pratorum and B. terrestria. I think I never saw such enormous 

 queens as those of B. terrestris which have been flying this autumn. 

 The varieties liaorum and viri/inalis of B. terrestris have been as 

 common as the type. B. derhaiiiellns has occurred sparingly, as is 

 usually the case. Of the inquiline I'sitliiirl I have only seen one 

 species, and that was the common PsitJujnis vestalis. 



The season 1905 in Germany. Lepidoptera. 



By E. M. DADD, F.E.S. 

 The spring was late this year, and it was not until February 22nd 

 that the first specimen of PhitjaUa pedaria was found in the Thiergarten, 

 at Berlin, and this in spite of the fact that the weather was cold and 

 windy. On the following day two more P. pedaria and one Uybernia 

 leacophaearia were found at rest. The following days were warm and 

 sunny, but nothing further was observed until the 27th, when I went 

 with my friend, Herr Zobel, for a stroll in the Jungfernhaide. H. 

 leucophaearia was extremely common, and several fine ab. }iiarmorata 

 were found, as also four P. pedaria and several Aniwptery.c aescularia. 



After this we again had a long spell of cold weather, and it was 

 not until March 19th that I again ventured forth, this time to a place 

 called Lichtenrade, which is remarkable for its extensive woods of aspen. 

 The weather was all that could be desired, and Brephos nothum, our par- 

 ticular quarry, was soon found, as also a $ P. pedaria. I was very 

 pleased on this occasion to find Asphalia fiavicornis in large numbers 

 at rest on the twigs of young birches. 1 had frequently heard that 

 this was the best method of obtaining them, but it was the first time 

 that I had personal experience. In all, 19 specimens were obtained 

 in the course of half-an-hour, and no doubt many more could have been 

 obtained if desired. Just before leaving for home a fine specimen of 

 Brephos partltenias was netted. 



Nearly a month went by before I again made an expedition ; this 

 time as before to Lichtenrade. The weather was cold and cloudy, so 

 that neither B. notlinm nor B. parthenias were on the wing. How- 

 ever, both species were obtained by bumping trees. On this occasion 

 I was very pleased to find Lobophora carpinata by no means rare, and 

 a long series was obtained by searching treetrunks, chiefly aspen, alder 

 and birch. I believe this species must be principally addicted to 

 aspen, as, although it undoubtedly occurs in birch woods where aspen 

 is not present, yet I have never found it at all common except in this 

 locality, where, as I mentioned before, aspen is the preponderating tree. 

 Odd specimens of TepJinma bistonata and T. punctidaria were also 

 found. 



The following night, April 17th, sugarmg Avas tried at Spandau, 

 but, although a good many insects came to sugar, the only things 

 worth noticing were Orthopia ruticilla and Bupitheda abbreriata. The 

 latter occurrence was exceptionally agreeable to me, as, during the 

 previous spring, I had seen this species at rest, but unfortunately lost the 



