BUTTERFLIES IN SOUTH GERMANY. 89 



unable to visit the place again until June 18th. I then discovered a 

 tract of low privet bushes in bloom, on the flowers of which the prurd 

 were sitting in scores. The 3 s were then over, but I was able to get 

 a good series of ? s, which are larger than English specimens, and 

 have a great deal more orange on the forewing. S. w-album : On June 

 18th and June 21st I took four fresh specimens, sitting with S. pruni 

 on the privet blossoms. PapUio podalirius was common in the Forest, 

 but scarcer in the plain. One specimen of ab. ornata measured 85mm. 

 across the wings. Aporia crataegi was very abundant in the plain. 

 All the specimens were ab. suffiusa, and a few approached ab. melaina. 

 Dryas paphia and Argynnis aglaia were sometimes to be seen near 

 the Rhine. Specimens of Issoria lathonia seemed to be not at all 

 common, as I saw only one. Brenthis euphrosyne was locally very 

 plentiful in the woods of the plain, and was occasionally to be found 

 elsewhere. The specimens are large and of a rather washed-out 

 colouring. This insect appeared first on May 4th. B. sdene was also 

 locally abundant in the same localities as the preceding species, but did 

 not appear till that species was getting over. One $ was much suffused 

 with black. B. ilia appeared early in May, and was locally common 

 in the woods of the plain. It was very variable in the markings of 

 the upperside, exhibiting every degree of confluence of the spots. 

 Melitaea aurinia was very plentiful during May in the meadows of the 

 plain, and showed considerable variation ; the majority of the 

 specimens, however, approximated to var. artemis in the uniformity 

 of the ground colour. The ? s appeared to be very scarce in com- 

 parison with the great abundance of $ s. M. citixia, M. parthenie, and 

 M. dirt ij una were all common near the Rhine, but were not nearly so 

 plentiful as M, aurinia in the ordinary meadows. Araschnia levana 

 was very scarce ; the only specimen I saw was on May 14th in one of 

 the woods of the plain. Engonia polychloros: Hybernated specimens 

 appeared on the first warm day in March, and were afterwards very 

 plentiful in the gardens of the town. Limenitis sibylla first appeared 

 on June 21st, and, close to the Rhine, was very abundant. Pararge 

 moera was occasionally to be found near the Rhine during June. P. 

 arliine, after June 18th, was very common near the Rhine, but did 

 not show any variation. Coenonympha hero occurred in the plain, but 

 was scarce and local. On May 31st I took five fresh 3 s, and on 

 June 18th two worn $ s. These specimens vary only in possessing one, 

 two, or no eyespots on the underside of the front wing. C. pumphUus 

 was common everywhere. The specimens are small, but show a 

 decided tendency towards exaggeration of the markings, ab. bipupUlata 

 and ab. ocellata being by no means rare. One specimen has even a 

 third eyespot near the anal angle. Erebia medusa was very scarce, 

 and my only capture was a very worn S , on June 7th, at the edge of 

 the plain. E. stygne: I took two very fresh $ s in the Black Forest on 

 June 17th. Melanargia i/alatea was very common close to the Rhine, 

 but not elsewhere. The following species were common everywhere 

 and are not worthy of special mention : — Nisoniades tages, Augiades 

 sylvanus, Polyommatus alexis, Celastrina argiolus, PapUio machaon, 

 finis brassicae, I', rapae, P. napi, Euchlo'e cardamines, Leucophasia 

 sinapis, Colias hyale, Gonopteryx rhamni, Pyrameis cardui, Euvanesta 

 antiopa, Vanessa io, Aglats urticae, Polygonia c-album, Pararge megaera, 

 I', egeria var. egerides, Epinephele jurtina. Thus the total number of 



