NOTES ON THE HYBERNATING HABITS OF PYRAMEIS ATAEANTA. 107 



sive evidence on this point as in the case of its cousin, the Painted 

 Lady." 



(9) Dale, British Butterflies, p. 149, writes, " It remains on the 

 wing till the beginning of November, so long as the ivy is in bloom 

 and the frosts not too severe, when it hybernates. It does not emerge 

 from its winter-quarters as early as other hybernating species, and is 

 very seldom seen." 



(10) In the Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, no. 213, for June 

 1st, 1861, attention is called to a paper by Herr von Prittwitz, in a 

 recent number of the Stettin. Entomologische Zeitung, on the winter 

 forms of Silesian Rhopalocera, in which it is stated that (1) atalanta, 

 antiopa, and urticae pass the winter in the imago state, and (2) that 

 carrfui, io, c-album, and polychloros pass the winter both in the imago 

 and pupa states ; but the author did not appear to have had a vei'y 

 correct knowledge of how many species passed the winter, for he in- 

 cluded Argynnis adippe and Nemeobius lucina among those species that 

 hybernate as larvas, whereas it is now well known that the former 

 passes winter in the ova and the latter in the pupa state. 



(11) Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, vol. 26, for 1890. At pp. 

 185-6, Dr. R. C. R. Jordan, in a paper on the British Macro-Lepi- 

 doptera which hybernate in the perfect state, includes P. atalanta, but 

 does not say very much about it. He remarks that /'. atalanta and 

 P. cardui, though undoubtedly living through the winter, are never 

 found in any numbers after this time, however abundant they may 

 have been in the October previous." In the same magazine, vol. 

 xxix., p. 261, Mr. C. W. Dale, of Glanvilles Wootton, Dorset, notes 

 having seen "several hybernated specimens on the wing during April 

 and May." In vol. xxxviii., p. 62, Mr. W. T. Page notes having seen 

 atalanta as late as December 3rd, and adds that he has records of 

 having seen it in October, November, December, January, and 

 February. 



(12) Entomologist, vol. viii. Mr. W. A. Lull' records that, on 

 March 6th of that year, Mrs. Boley found several small larva? spun 

 up in nettles in a lane in Guernsey. These fed up and produced 

 butterflies in May. In vol. xxiii., p. 257, Mr. Frohawk says, " the 

 hybernated specimens deposit eggs in May and June. In vol. xxxiii., 

 p. 351. Mr. C. W. Dale gives March 29th, 1819, for early, and 

 November 18th for late, appearance of this species. 



(13) Entomologist's Record, vol. iv., 1M93, p. 152, Mr. B. S. Har- 

 wood records a capture of atalanta on April 26th. Ditto, ditto, p. 170, 

 Mr. Tutt says, "atalanta is to be seen every year, in greater or less 

 numbers, from March to June, sometimes as late as July." At p. 

 180, Miss Hinchlil'f records the capture of one at Instow, North Devon, 

 on April 23nl. In vol. v., 1894, p. 24, " Current Notes. — Lame (of 

 atalanta) received from Skibbereen, Co. Cork, on January 11th. 

 Rather (very) unusual." In vol. vii., 1895-6, p. 4, Mr. .J. YV. Tutt 

 writes, " atalanta does not go into hybernation until the ivy nectar 

 fails." In vol. viii., 1896, p. 4, Mr. Wolfe notes that he obtained 

 very young larvae up to the end of October, and bred the imagines (in 

 doors) in January and February, and suggests that pupae and larvae 

 out-of-doors would be killed by the first frosts. At p. 100, Mr. J. W. 

 Tutt. in a paper on the " Hybernating stages of British Butterflies," 

 says (of atalanta) it hybernates in the perfect state. At p. 169, Mr. 

 F. Merrifield agrees with Mr. Tutt that atalanta cannot hybernate as 



