178 THE ENTOMOLOGIST'S RECORD. 



decoration, conferred on the 200th anniversary of the great naturalist's 

 birth, was the very one bestowed upon Linnaeus himself, and to be 

 seen in many of the later portraits. 



There was just time for lunch before going to the concert given by 

 the students at 4.30 p.m. and the " Fete du Printemps " at 5 p.m., 

 both in the Botanical Garden. At 6.30 p.m. the guests of the 

 University were entertained at dinner by the Archbishop of Sweden, 

 who resides at Upsala, and by the Rector of the University and Mrs. 

 Schiick. I had the pleasure of forming one of this latter party. We 

 were entertained in the fine hall of the Norrland Nation. On such 

 occasions as this it is the custom in Sweden for the invitation to be 

 sent in the name of the wife as well as the husband, and for the 

 hostess to be present as the only lady. After toasts to the foreign 

 guests, the Swedish guests, and the Linnean Society of London had 

 been proposed by the Rector sneaking in French, Swedish, and 

 English respectively, and responded to by Professor Haeckel, Count 

 Morner, and Mr. Carruthers, the party broke up to attend (9.0 p.m.- 

 11.30 p.m.) the reception in the Palace of the University. Thus 

 ended an extremely interesting but very exhausting day. 



The proceedings on May 24th opened at 7 a.m. with the firing of 

 twenty-one guns. At 8 a.m. the great bell of the Cathedral began to 

 ring, and continued for a quarter of an hour. Before the great 

 ceremony of the day there was just time for some of us to rush to the 

 University Library and see the chief treasure of Upsala, the fifth- 

 century Codex Argenteus, a volume bound in embossed silver with 

 leaves of purple vellum, bearing in letters of silver and gold a trans- 

 lation of the four Gospels into Gothic. This volume, prepared by 

 order of Bishop Ulphilas, is the foundation of existing knowledge of 

 old Gothic. The priceless manuscript is in the most perfect condition. 

 After a too hasty visit to the fine collection of portraits of Linnaeus in 

 the building of the Upplands Nation, it was time to go to the Palace, 

 where the procession to the Cathedral was to be formed for the cere- 

 mony of conferring the degrees. No academic gown of any kind is 

 worn in the Swedish Universities. Doctorates of Theology, Law, and 

 Medicine are conferred by the Promoter placing on the head a black 

 silk top-hat with sides vertically pleated : Doctorates of Philosophy by 

 the Promoter placing a crown of bay on the head and a gold ring on 

 the finger. The Promoter who confers the degree is himself a Doctor 

 of the Faculty in which he is about to create new degrees, and his 

 assumption of this office is indicated by his placing the hat or crown 

 upon his own head and simultaneously by the discharge of three 

 cannon. It seems possible that we have here preserved in an extreme 

 form privileges which at one time were possessed by Masters of Arts 

 and Doctors in the University of Oxford. The dominance of the 

 Faculty is also extremely interesting and remarkable. 



In the fine entrance hall of the University Palace was a table 

 bearing the large crowns and the rings, both marked with the name 

 of those who were to assume them at the moment of receiving the 

 degree. A second table was heaped with smaller crowns, to be worn 

 pinned on the left side of the breast by those who were already 

 Doctors of any University. The large crowns were at first worn in 

 the same position, and if the recipient of a Doctorate was already a 

 Doctor, he wore a small crown as well as a large one. A Jubilee 



