212 the entomologist's record. 



I collected a number of mines of Nepticula aurella from bramble, and 

 pupae of Lithocolletis faginella from beecb, and bred a nice lot of both 

 species by gently forcing them. N. aurella invariably emerged in 

 17 to 21 days, whilst L. faginella was always over 28 days in 

 appearing. I noticed in March a few cases of Coleopkora gryphipmnella 

 on rose ; this insect is apparently much scarcer here than at Carlisle. 

 Hybernia marginaria was common on March 28th. During April I 

 took one Asphalia flavicomis (April 1st), and one Anisopteryx aescidaria, 

 also on the 1st. On the 21st I heard of one Amphidasys strataria being 

 taken from the sallow bloom at Carlisle during the daytime, and 

 Brephos parthenias was also common flying over the birches. Twelve 

 Xylocampa areola were taken this day by a Carlisle collector. Larvae 

 of Arctia caja appeared on the 28th, and on the 29th I saw Pieris 

 napi for the first time, and, at night, by searching, I took two 

 larvae of Boarmia repandata and one of Noctua xanthographa, two 

 of N. baja, and one N. f estiva. A journey to Scale Hill on May 

 5th produced one very dark smoky form of Tephrosia crepuscu- 

 laria {biumhdaria) and one Lobophora viretata. Along the road- 

 sides I took several larvae of Arctia caja, and saw a good many 

 Pieris napi flying. I noticed a 2 on a flower, and presently up 

 came a $ , a- d after circling around about twice about two feet above 

 her he descended and immediately copulated with her. The $ had 

 been excitedly waving her body up and down by first curving it up 

 above her back and then throwing it out straight again. I disturbed 

 them, and the ? flew away with the $ attached, and although I 

 several times made them fly, not once did the $ make any attempt to 

 use its wings, but remained quite passive with its wings raised above 

 it, the same as when at rest at night. On the moor at Mockerkin I 

 took a cocoon of Phragmatobia fuliginosa. The hills on every side 

 were snow-capped on this date. Larvae of Arctia caja were common 

 wherever one visited now, and, on May 15th, Melanippe fluctuata and 

 Elachista rufocinerea appeared. I discovered a few cases of Coleopkora 

 discordella on Lotus comiculatus on the 16th, and saw cases of 

 C. alcyonipennella on Centaurea nigra and C. nigricella in profusion, 

 and also a few larvae of Tortrix palleana on Plantago lanceolata. A 

 visit to Carlisle to look up larvae of Melitaea aurinia was successful. 

 Although it has been exterminated at its old locality, it is still to be 

 taken in fair numbers in several places within a few miles of Carlisle. 

 I took five larvae of Nemeophila russula, and saw Cosmotriche potatoria 

 larvae in profusion. I have only taken two of this latter near 

 Workington. I also took, at Carlisle, two Pararge megaera and two 

 Melanippe fluctuata , one Acronycta menyanthidis, one Nola confusalis, and 

 one Anticlea nigrofasciaria, besides five larvae of Lasiocampa quercits, and 

 noticed several Micros — Adela viridella, Nomophora swammerdammella, 

 Elachista cygnipennella, Amphysa prodromana, &c. On the 22nd I took 

 one ( 'ucullia chamomillae sitting on some railway sleepers at Workington. 

 On the 25th, I saw Pieris napi, a nice dark $ , also Eupithecia venosata 

 (six), and E. vulgata (one). At Flimby, on the 26th, I got three 

 Nola confusalis and two Euchloe cardamines 3 s, and saw plenty of Pieris 

 rap/tr, P. napi, and a few P. brassicae, and, on the moor near Broughton, 

 I took a nice Nisoniades tages, and saw several hicurcaria maseulella 

 and Lithocolletis pomifoliella amongst hawthorn. I also got one 

 Dianthoecia coyispersa and one D. carpophaga at rest on railway sleepers. 



