THE HABITS AND HABITATS OF BRENTHIS SELENE, ETC. 231 



Euchloecardamin.es, Gonepteryx rhamni (hybernated), Hesperia malvae 

 {alveolus), Polyommatus bellargus (adonis), Rumicia phlaeas, Nisoniades 

 tages, and the three common li whites " were to he obtained very freely 

 by working for them, whilst two Sphinx ligustri, two Dicranura vinula, 

 two Cilix spinula, and two Arctia villica were all that were noticed of 

 the larger mollis usually common here in the imaginal state. The 

 Geometers were fairly well represented — Tephrosia biundularia, Runria 

 lnt< n/, //a, Melanippe fluctuata, M. rivata, Coremia designata, Phibalap- 

 teryx vitalbata, Acidalia ornata, Camptogramma bilineata, Lomaspilis 

 marginaria, Iodis lactearia, Asthena candidata, and Eupithecid isogram- 

 mata were very common, whilst Eurymene dolabraria, Boarmia 

 consonaria, B. roboraria, Eupithecia linariata, !■'.. oblongata, E. subutn- 

 brata, E. venosata, Venilia maculata, and Angerona prunaria were less 

 often seen. Sugar produced a fair number of species, but in far less 

 numbers than usual, Mamestra anceps, Hadena suasa, A /hi mm basilinea, 

 A. gemina, Grammesia trilinea, Rusina tenebrosa, Agrotis exclamationis, 

 A. segetum, Minna fasciuncula, M. furuncula, Noctua c-nigrum, Cara- 

 drina cubicularis, < '. morpheas, < ' . alsines, ( '. blanda, Xylophasia 

 polyodon, and X. lithoxylea swarming, while Hecatera serena was very 

 common on posts, etc., and among the smaller fry to be taken very 

 . were Scoparia ambigualis, S. dubitalis, Botys pandalis', with 

 Rhodophaea suavella in the larval state, two or three Ebulea verbascalis 

 were all that were noted, although some seasons this species is exceed- 

 ingly common amongst the Teucrium. The Alucitids, in the larval 

 state, occurred fairly freely in their respective haunts, but were very 

 loth to fly as imagines ; among those taken in the larval or imaginal 

 stages — Adactylus bennettii, Porrittia galactodactyla, Ovendenia septo- 

 dactyla, Stenoptilia pterodactyla (fuscus), Oidaematophorus lithodactyla, 

 and the new plume, Hellinsia carphodactylus. 



1 have not attempted to differentiate the localities, bur the district 

 worked included, not only the immediate neighbourhood of Strood, but 

 tin woodlands around Chattenden and Cuxton, the chalkhills of 

 Cuxton and Hailing, and the marshes of the Medway. 



The Habits and Habitats of Brenthis selene and B. euphrosyne. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 

 Our insular ideas of Brenthis selene and II. euphrosyne lead us, 

 particularly in the south-east of England, to look upon these species 

 as largely lowland, wood-loving, insects, although Scotch and south- 

 wesl England experience is rather suggestive otherwise. Nor is this 

 general view at all controverted as our experience widens in the 

 direction of the species southwards, for, in the woods at the back of 

 the castle at Hyeres, a, fine large race of B. euphrosyne is quite 

 abundant. Our early views in this direction have, however, Long 

 been changed with regard to the latter species, and we have seen it 

 in many quite high localities, of which the flowery meadows ;it the 

 foot of tin' Perpecle -lacier on the glorious Dent Blanche, in mid- 

 August, 1899, remain a very vivid picture. The late season of l'.)()7, 

 over the greater part of the Alp-, however, has largely increased our 

 knowledge of the distribution of these insects so far as altitude is 

 concerned, as 1 1 u • \ are no doubt usually over w hen our own personal 



visits to the Alps are made. 



