NOTES ON PIERIS MANNI, MAYER. 67 



roundish suffused black spot in the centre. The lower part of the 

 head is dull green. The skin bristles with small, blackish, piliferous 

 points. Body green with yellow dorsal line. The yellow lateral 

 (spiracular) line is now apparent. The underside of the thoracic seg- 

 ment is green, as well as the bases of the true feet. Ventral surface 

 yellowish. The head and body are furnished with short, rather stiff 

 hairs, of a greyish colour, arising from the small black projections. 

 These are of unequal size, and all the larger ones bear one hair. The 

 hairs are of different lengths. 



J^onrth instar. — The length at the end of this stage is from 14mm. 

 to 15mm. Head rounded, lobes on a slightly higher level than the 

 facial triangle, and separated from it by a shiny narrow, y\-shaped 

 furrow continuing the lobe division. The head is now green, plenti- 

 fully sprinkled with small black projections like those on the body, 

 bearing each a greyish-white hair, rather stiff-looking. In some speci- 

 mens, but rarely, the lobes are somewhat suffused with black. Body 

 green. Central dorsal line canary-yellow, sharply defined, broader 

 than in P. rapae. The only other line is the spiracular, of the same 

 colour as the dorsal line. It is not a continuous line, being broken at 

 the incision of each segment, leaving a wide space. The spiracles are 

 rounded ovals, situated on the third subdivision of each abdominal 

 segment, and in the centre of the yellow line. The dorsal and lateral 

 surfaces bristle with small black projections, each one bearing a short 

 hair (length of hairs unequal). Beneath the flange are fewer of these 

 black points. There are some on the bases of the prolegs, but not on 

 the ventral surface. 



Fifth instar. — Length when full-grown 23mm. to 25mm. The 

 head, except in size, is as it was in the previous stage, green, lobes 

 slightly suftused with smoky-grey. The body is greenish-blue above, 

 rather deeper towards the dorsal line. Ventral surface light green. 

 Legs light green. Central dorsal line broad, narrower on thorax, canary- 

 yellow. Spiracular line broad and of the same, or even brighter, 

 colour; it is divided into a series of elongated spots by fairly Avide 

 spaces, one at each segmental incision. Spiracles are on this line, 

 near the centre of each yellow spot on the abdominal segments ; they 

 are oval, brownish-white, with a shiny, black, raised border, and a 

 vertical slit in the centre, which appears closed. The tubercles, or 

 raised hair-bases, which are abundant excepting on the ventral surface, 

 are nearly all black on the head and thoracic segments, with greyish- 

 white hairs. The exceptions to this rule are certain rather small 

 tubercles, occupying the positions of the primary tubercles on the 2nd 

 and 3rd thoracic segments. These are black-tipped with dirty 

 brownish- white bases, and the hairs they bear are black. Some of the 

 primary tubercles are wholly black, but they can be recognised by the 

 black hair which each one bears. The more numerous secondary (?) 

 black tubercles are of various sizes ; many are considerably larger 

 than the primary tubercles, others being mere specks on the skin. 

 Nearly all bear hairs of various lengths, some being extremely short. 

 There is never more than one hair to each tubercle. The larger 

 tubercles are in a rough line running down the centre of each sub- 

 segment. They appear rather deeply embedded in the skin, their 

 dark colour being visible beneath the surface. On the abdominal 

 segments the primary tubercles are small, dull white, tipped with 



