LEPIDOPTERA OF THE ORISONS SANTA MARIA TO MUNSTER. 225 



imperfect means. It is this that makes me think that the value of 

 the works of Rambur should not remain unrecognised nor passed over 

 in silence. The terms that he employs are not those that have since 

 been adopted. He gives the name of " pinces " to what we call 

 " valves," that of " stiles " to the " harpes," of " dorsal acicular piece" 

 to the " uncus." He seems not to have recognised the " scaphium," 

 which, particularly in the Hesperiid " alveus " group, possesses most 

 important and well-marked specific characters. 



Lepidoptera of the Grisons — Santa Maria to Munster. 



By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 

 The morning of August 14th, 1908, broke cloudy, damp, and chill, 

 at Santa Maria, and, at 10 a.m., rain was still falling, but the sky was 

 breaking and suggested a walk down the valley. The implements of 

 warfare were shouldered, and, in less than half-an-hour from starting, 

 the sun had broken through the clouds and we were stealthily prowling 

 among some willows by the side of the stream where a ? Euoanessa 

 antiopa had been spotted, but, although the latter was not brought to 

 book, a beautiful newly-emerged Polygonia c-alhum was taken, and 

 Argynnis adippewas observed sunning itself on the flowers still reeking 

 with the rain of the preceding night and the early morning. The 

 clouds, however, cleared rapidly, and the sun had soon dried the 

 herbage. Some worn Melanan/ia (jalathea and fine Erehia aetliiops 

 tempted us from the path, and we were soon on some bush-covered 

 ground that held us for at least five long hours, whilst the sun shone 

 brilliantly. Erebia aethiops w^as just emerging, and was literally in 

 hundreds, the freshly-emerged ? s collared by the 3' s almost before 

 their wings were dry, the latter carrying the J s if disturbed whilst 

 paired, the 2 hanging freely from the ^ . The 2 s were well-spotted, a 

 few with five ocellated spots on the forewings, but the greater number 

 with four, and the <? s also appeared to be well-spotted, at least, a 

 prolonged search failed to find any with fewer than three small spots 

 on the forewing, whilst three well-developed ones was the usual 

 number for this sex ; the underside of the ^ s was sometimes 

 brightly marked with a grey submarginal band, the 2 s appeared 

 to be almost equally divided between the vars. lencotaenia andi ochracea. 

 Epinephele lijcooii was going over, the ^ s of this species appeared to 

 be all of that form with only one apical spot on the forewing ; the 2 s 

 were normal, the basal areas of the forewings of the darker ground 

 colour. E. ianira was very abundant, the 2 s pale, but washed with 

 rain. Isaoria lathonia was just emerging, the specimens large, and 

 one is a beautiful aberration with a fine black dumb-bell mark lormed 

 by the union of the two lower spots beneath the disc of the forewing 

 and parallel with the inner margin = ab. I-nUirum. Brent/us ino had 

 apparently been common, as well as Hesperia carthami and Melitaea 

 didyma, but all were over, and represented now by only poor specimens, 

 whilst, on the other hand, Colias hyale was only just out, the <? s in 

 most lovely condition, no 2 s being seen. Heodes vinimireae also was 

 on the wing, not quite fresh, but the 2 s were in better condition than 

 the (? s. The 2 s, too, were variable, the ground colour brighter than 

 usual in the mountains here, yet not altogether of the southern form. 

 One specimen was exceedingly nice, the hindwings suffused, with a 



