252 THE entomologist's record. 



Camilla : this belonged to the first brood, and was large, with more 

 white than is usual further north; later on, from early August 

 onwards, a second brood appeared ; these were small specimens, and 

 no whiter than one sees in Switzerland ; it was however scarce. The 

 same day witnessed the capture of the first pair of Hipparc/iia sciuele. 

 On the 3rd we drove by Spello and Foligno to Montefalco; just beyond 

 Spello I saw several specimens of Iphiclides podalirius, and near 

 Montefalco I took Colias edusa, C. hyale, rontia daplidice, Polyi/onia 

 egea, Pulyonnnatus icarufi, and T/iyinelicns acteon. The 5th was 

 noticeable for the capture of Coenonipnpha dorus on the north road ; 

 this species became common in this locality from the 10th till nearly 

 the end of the month, but I did not see a single specimen elsewhere. 

 Polyowmatus weleayer appeared on the 8tb, and afterwards was one of 

 the commonest " blues " till I left Assisi early in August, but, during 

 the whole time, I saw but one $ ; this was small, but of the blue form. 

 In Switzerland, in its few localities, I have found the $ at least as 

 commonly as the J , so that 1 am quite at a loss to account for its 

 extreme rarity of appearance here, since it can hardly be put down to 

 ignorance of its habits, to which I should otherwise have ascribed it, 

 nor to difficulty in seeing it, since the blue form is almost as con- 

 spicuous as the S . In Switzerland it is true that it appears in public 

 a good deal later than the J , but here I had nearly a month in which 

 to find it after the 3 s first appeared. On the 9th I walked to the 

 " Carceri," which is nearly 1000ft. higher than the town, where 

 Hexjieria larthami, smaller than those of the Rhone Valley, was 

 sitting in numbers at one point in the road. On the way back I saw 

 a few Dryas paphia, and took amongst other things a $ Ajioria 

 crataeyi and a magnificent $ Bithys qnercm, the only specimen of 

 either species that I saw in Italy. On the 10th I took on the north 

 road the only specimen of Libythea celtis that I came across at all, and 

 on the same day the first of the very few Cupido niininnis, some four 

 specimens in all, that it fell to my lot to see during my visit. 

 Papilio machaon was in some numbers on this day outside the Porta 

 San Francesco, on the way down to the Perugia road, The only 

 points worthy of note during the following week, are the appearance 

 of a fresh brood of i\isoniades tayes on the 13th, when a fresh brood of 

 Coenonynipha pa)iiphilus also began, and the first appearance of Epine- 

 phele Ida on the following day ; all these three species were sub- 

 sequently fairly common. Also on the 17th at the Piano della Pieve, 

 I took a remarkable aberration of Melanaryia galatea, in which the 

 whole of the left side, except two largish and four tiny subcostal spots, 

 is completely black ; there is also a good deal of black suffusion on 

 the right forewing ; below, the left forewing is almost entirely black, 

 and there is much black suffusion on the other three wings, the rings 

 of the eye-spots on the hindwings being of a deep dead-gold colour. 

 On the 19th the second-brood of Melitaea parthenie appeared down at 

 the Piano della Pieve, and by the 22nd had come out also on the 

 north road. There is little or no difference between the two broods; 

 both are rather heavily marked on the upperside (for partltenie), and 

 the underside hindwing, especially in the $ , is rather light ; the 

 ground colour of the upperside is of a slightly yellower tawny than is 

 usual in Switzerland, but they are very much nearer to the Swiss 

 than to the Spanish form. On the 19th and 22nd I took the only 



