THE GENUS ACRONYCTA AND ITS ALLIES, 29 



from the general surface {i.e., not from a tubercle). The other 

 tubercles have each one or two long (one to three times the 

 diameter of larva) black hairs and numerous shorter ones. 

 The dorsum of 3rd segment, and still more of 4th, carries a 

 number of whitish hairs, and similarly some pure white hairs 

 arise from the white cross on 12th segment. These non- 

 tubercular hairs exist also, but less evidently, in many larvae in 

 the previous (4th) skin. 



In the last (6th) skin, the larva is from 16-35 or 40 mm. in 

 length. On first assuming this skin, the great length of the 

 hairs, arising one each from the tubercles, is remarkable. They 

 are 10 mm. in length (nearly two-thirds the length of the larva), 

 black with white wavy tips. These appear to get broken or 

 injured as the larva feeds up, and in any case would not be 

 proportionally so long. 



The hump on the 5th segment, consisting really of the fused 

 anterior trapezoidal tubercles, looks like a separate appendage, 

 an egg-shaped mass attached by its narrow end to the summit 

 of the segment ; the non-tubercular hairs now form a whitish- 

 yellow brush behind this boss and an orange one in front, 

 growing from 4th segment ; the 12th segment has a thinner 

 white brush, and there are laterally numerous yellow hairs of 

 the non-tubercular series. When first changed, the colours are 

 much more brilliant than they become when the larva is full- 

 fed, the dorsal line is a rich orange-red, the white spots are 

 most crisp on a black ground ; the white of 12th segment is 

 especially bright, the red spots and the red lateral tubercles of 

 3, 4 and 13 are very vivid. When full-fed, the markings and 

 details are more evident, but the colours are paler and duller, 

 the dorsal band is white and yellow, the red spots dull brick 

 or dirty orange, the lateral line no longer red but nearly white. 

 These changes occur as a result of growth. When the larva is 

 looking for a place to pupate, it becomes much more dingy. A 

 long description I have seems unnecessary to recite of so well- 

 known a larva. I note the persistence of the post-spiracular 

 tubercle, and the curious circumstance that it and the spiracle 

 form a pair of almost exactly identical twin spots, black with a 

 white eye and surrounded by a pale ring, with a white circum- 

 flex mark above both. The rumicis attitude is still often 

 assumed to a degree equal to or exceeding rumicis itself. 



The pupa (PI. III., 2, 2a, zb, 2d) is of a usual NocTU^ type, 

 i.e.y of a polished brown corneous texture, more semitrans- 

 parent than usual, though not so much so as strigosa, still less 



