246 THE entomologist's record. 



broader, but this is not truly the case except very sHghtly as 

 to 5, and considerably as to 12, the tubercles being raised on 

 a low hump. The tubercles in the dark area are black, all the 

 others are pale, but in some specimens the circum-spiracular 

 tubercles are indicated by a slightly darker shade. The supra- 

 spiracular tubercle has one dark hair, otherwise the hairs 

 follow the colour of the tubercles. The post-spiracular 

 tubercle is quite obvious with two hairs. The sub-spiracular 

 has several pale hairs, the secondary hairs are not more 

 developed than in previous skin. In 2nd skin the tubercles 

 were colourless except on the dark part of the dark segments. 

 The head is black. The general green tint seems to be that 

 of the fluids, not of the intestinal contents. One or two best 

 grown ones have the white mark as a broad continuous dorsal 

 band including the trapezoidal tubercles, on which the dark 

 bands appear to be overlaid. When full-grown in this (3rd) 

 skin, they sometimes eat the whole thickness of the leaf, and 

 whilst often carrying the head with the front vertical to the 

 surface on which they rest, some now adopt the " rmnicis 

 attitude," at least for the head, i.e., jaws forward and front of 

 head nearly parallel to the surface on which the larva is. 

 The 5th segment is not raised from the surface. August 

 5th. — Several laid up for moult. Tridens of same age moulted 

 two days ago. The weather is very cold, about 60°, instead 

 of that usual at this season. August 6th. — Most laid up, two 

 have changed into 4th skin, length 10 mm. Sits curled round 

 in pot-hook form, that is with head against gth segment, but 

 without the bend at gth segment which gives the form of an 

 interrogation mark to the resting position of some species. 

 It eats the whole thickness of the leaf. When first moulted, 

 the head is quite pale, and, as it gets dark, is first brownish 

 in the honeycomb pattern seen in many larval heads, it finally 

 gets quite black except that the vertex on either side remains 

 brown in many specimens (like alni in 4th) and the clypeus 

 is dark green with a green line outside the suture. A con- 

 spicuous feature is the prominence of the 12th segment, which 

 terminates abruptly behind the tubercles, both as to colour 

 and by sloping precipitately from the tubercles to the anal pro- 

 legs, the 13th and 14th segments being as it were partly under 

 the 12th to produce this effect, and the anal prolegs projected 

 posteriorly. The nth is still lower than the others, and 

 tubercles and hairs very small and short. August gth. — All 

 now in 4th skin. Those full-fed about 11 mm. It often sits 



