80 THE entomologist's RECORD. 



The pupal skin, when mounted, is vei-y delicate and faintly tinted. The eye- 

 pieces continue attached to the face piece, and the dorsal headpiece is not detected. 

 It is possibly absent, being very small in other " plumes," and this may be the 

 reason it does not carry the eyepieces as is typical of the family. This is, at any 

 rate, a further stage in evolution than the typical one that is so constant 

 throughout the lower division, the Platyptiliids. The face piece carries four hairs 

 (about 0-24mm. long) on each side. The antennae do not reach quite to the end of 

 the wings, but the maxillae and legs reach together about 1mm. beyond them, the 

 maxillae, however, being behind the legs, for the lower half of their length. 



The prothorax (on either side) carries four hairs (about 0-3mm. long), which 

 from position might be i-ii, and two lower ones iii-iv?). ii, if it be ii, is 

 about the middle of the hindmargin. The mesothorax has also four hairs, but 

 the two dorsal ones are both near the dorsum. It possesses a short spine towards 

 its anterior dorsal angle, and there is a curious slender hair-like process at the 

 base of the wing behind the spiracle cover — a fine raised ridge runs dorsally from 

 the base of this spine. Along the posterior margin of the segment is a row of 

 six or seven minute spines pointing forward, with several bases of abortive ones, 

 making eight or nine on either side. These spines are about 0-04mm. long. On 

 the metathorax are again four hairs, the two dorsal in the same transverse line, 

 the two lower at the antero-ventral angle. The dorsal hairs are accompanied by 

 a very short spine, and the posterior margin has the forward-pointing row of 

 spines, but fewer are fully developed. The hindwing tapers to a point a little 

 way down the 2nd abdominal segment. The 1st abdominal segment has three 

 hairs, placed as normal i, ii, and iii, the latter close to hindwing. There are 

 no spines, but just ventral to i is a minute lenticle-like circle ; this is present 

 also in the following segments, as also on mesothorax, behind ii, and on metathorax 

 in front of supposed ii. The 2nd, 8rd, and 4th abdominal segments have the 

 spiracle and two hairs below it. These are all about 0-2mm. long. The 5th 

 shows below iv and v a single, and then two hairs. The 6th and 7th are 

 identical. The 8th has only the scar of a spiracle, and no hairs below iv and v, 

 which are on a ridge, of which there is a slight forecast on 7th. The posteiior 

 hair is about 0-5mm. long, and all the hairs here are longer than in front. The 

 9th segment has five hairs, of which second, third, and fourth have an obtuse, 

 but sharp spine behind each. The 10th appears to have six hairs on either side 

 without very definite spines. There is a longitudinal depression, through 8th 

 and 9th medio-ventrally, interrupted a little at incision (a ? pupa). 



The finer sculpture includes very minute, very sharp skin points directed 

 backwards across the anterior half of most abdominal segments from the third 

 backwards ; elsewhere they are more or less rounded. The intersegmental mem- 

 brane, as usual, has a pavement sculpture, the plates being elongated transversely 

 and in lines. They show that the incision 3rd-4rd abdominal is free dorsally, but 

 losing movement a little ventrally. 



The pupa being devoid of cremastral hooks, and yet remaining 

 within the cocoon when the moth emerges, probably supphes the 

 explanation of the uses of the very unusual armament of spines, not 

 only in the cremastral region, but more especially on the meso- and 

 metathorax. These seem admirably arranged for preventing this 

 portion of the pupal skin from slipping forward. When emergence 

 takes place this portion of the pupa expands as the opening in front 

 takes place, and will press the spinous portions against the silk lining 

 of the cocoon, and efficiently engage these spines should any tendency 

 to forward movement occur. 



The spine at the wing base is one I have not before noticed in any 

 pupa, its position is quite away, in a ventral direction, from the posi- 

 tion in which the " wing-spine " occurs. There is, indeed, on this 

 pupa a faint trace of the normal wing spine, it is seen in fig. 2, 

 as a few wrinkles just below the dorsal end of the little ridge passing 

 backwards from the spine just referred to, and close below the two 

 lower hairs. 



