A CONTEIBUTION TO THE FAUNA OF SYRIA. 31 



Description of Plate II. 

 Pupa of Hellinsin ostcodacti/la. 



Fig. 1. — Head from pupa skin x 25. Shows the hairs, labrum, base of left 



antenna of niaxill<t, etc. 

 Fig. 2. — Thorax of left side x 50. Showing hairs, spines, spiracle, etc. 

 Fi,.. 3. — Third and following abdominal segments (spread out flat) and appendage 



covers opposite these segments, hairs, spiracles, spines, etc. x 25. 



A Contribution to the Fauna of Syria. 



By P. P. GRAVES, F.E.S. 

 (Continued front vol. xxii. p. 273.) 



I did practically no further collecting, and had but few chances of 

 observing insects from the end of 1907 to 1910. In the late summer 

 of that year I paid a short visit to Syria, from August 28rd to September 

 16th. I did not expect to get anything worth mentioning so late in 

 the season, but to my surprise found the coast and the highest 

 mountains very fairly productive. The middle-heights were, however, 

 very poorly off for butterflies. Owing to a break-down in the 

 machinery of the ancient steamer on which I was to leave Port Said 

 for Syria, I had two and a half days at that horrid " Gate of the East." 

 It was even hotter than Marseilles had been, and very damp, and I 

 saw no butterflies save Lampides boeticus and two Xizera li/simon var. 

 harmndra, one of which I caught. 



On August 23rd and 2ltb, I collected in the grounds of the American 

 College at Beirut, where I found Id ma is faiista, males only, not 

 uncommon, and with /. fansta, a fair number of Belenois rrwsentina, 

 the males fresher than the females. The latter, when approached by 

 males on pairing intent, fluttered along the ground at what I can only 

 describe as a hopping gait, as if the insect was progressing by a series 

 of tiny leaps. Pairing took place in bright sunny spots. Small males 

 of (xefjenes )iastrodanius, a pair of (Jhri/sophanus thersavioii, odd 

 specimens of liitniicia phlaeas, L. boeticus, I'ulyoniinatus icariis, 

 worn, Ypthima asterope, and a very fine and fresh Paran/e inaera 

 var. orientalis, obviously of the third brood, were my other captures. 

 On the 25th I set oft" for Baalbek with Professor A. E. Day of the 

 American College, on a trip to the Cedar Mountains. Thanks to the 

 Professor's great knowledge of the country and its insects, the trip 

 though brief was most enjoyable, and enabled me to get some idea of 

 the insects of the Northern Lebanon. But as some of my captures are 

 still unidentified, and I hope to revisit this excellent hunting ground 

 in the near future, I will skip the description of this journey. Pieris 

 brassicae, P. ra/iae, dwarf Coliofi ediisa, and worn //. phlaeas, Iphidides 

 pod all ri tin, and Satyriis antJie were noted near Baalbek, and at Eeyak 

 Junction, on September 1st, I noted G. nostrudainns, P. rapae, P. 

 daplidice, P. irarus, Alicia aHtvarche, and R, phlaeas, the last three on 

 flowers of a large spearmint. From September 2nd to September 6th 

 I was at Damascus, where the Young Turks were making great 

 preparations to destroy the rebellious Druses of the Hauran, who have 

 taken a good deal of " pacification " since then, and have inflicted 

 heavy losses on their foes. I collected only at one place, a large ill- 

 kept garden, just outside the town, where quite a number of common 

 insects occurred. Of these P. icanis was the most interesting. It 

 showed an unusually rather large and richly coloured form, generally 



