A CONTRIBUTION TO THE FAUNA OF SYRIA. 35 



in-oto, with a large piece chipped out of one of its hindwings, a pair of 

 L. sinapis, the female not larger than a moderate sized A. antrarche, 

 and a few P. icanis, with many worn females of E.jurtina, were all 

 the insects taken or noted here. 



My last day in Syria was spent working the ground near the railway. 

 It was roasting hot, 91° in the shade. Heaven only knows 

 how much hotter in the sun, and though I was as lightly clad 

 as possible, I found the damp heat very trying. However, the 

 day was a successful one, for first and foremost I added a new 

 species to the Syrian list in the shape of Hypohjcaena livia, of which 

 I got a passable female after some twenty minutes stalking. Near 

 the trees of Acacia farnesiana, where I took H. livia, I picked up a 

 couple of imperfect C. acacias, while worn Y. asterope and fresh C. 

 thermiiioii, B. wesentina, and I. fausta, including two very large 

 females, one of a beautiful creamy-salmon colour, were added to my 

 bag. A single L. clirysippus was taken on a liower-head, and in a 

 small orchard below the steep slopes above the railway, I got a fine 

 male Cliapra mathias. P. icarus occurred sporadicall)', and near the 

 railway bi'idge, at my starting point, I took a fresh ('. trochilus. 

 Only one M. trivia was seen, and a very few Fl. alceae of the small 

 australis form, all very worn and chipped. A beautifully fresh pair of 

 P. orhifer were taken, in cop., on the railway bank, and C. edum was 

 not uncommon, but all taken were chipped or otherwise imperfect. 

 B. wesentina in all sizes, from 40mm. to 63ram., abounded. I noticed 

 many pairs, in cop., during the forenoon, two or three perched upon 

 high reeds near the railway track from which they rose when disturbed, 

 the males carrying the females in every case that came under my 

 observation. The flight of B. inesentina, in the hotter hours of the 

 day, is swift and powerful, and an individual once missed is not 

 likely to be caught by the return stroke of the net. On the other 

 hand, the insect is not very shy and can be taken off flower-heads 

 without difficulty, while it is very easy to capture when settling down 

 for the night after 6 p.m. 



So ended a ver^- interesting trip, in which altogether sixty-three 

 species were taken or observed. I do not give the full list of my 

 captures, since some of my specimens from the Cedars of Lebanon 

 {6,400ft.), Ain Ata (5,500ft.), and the Cedar Mountains (8,500- 

 10,000ft.) have not yet been identified. I need only note the capture 

 at the Cedars of M. proto, P. ineleaijer, H. poseidon, A. isaurica, 

 Poli/owmatus awandiis, and a "blue" which Dr. Chapman believes to be 

 either a new variety of A. escheri or Plebeius pijlaon, both species 

 hitherto unrecorded from Asia, .S'. baton, C. thetis, P. enjane, and an 

 Adopaea which I believe to be A. lineola ab. semicolon with a doubtful 

 Hesperia, at Ain Ata, of P. inelea<ier, and on the Cedar Mountains, of 

 ti. alveiis, E. altheae, A. isaurica, A. anteros, P. ainandus, and two 

 unidentified Plebeiids, one of which seems to me to be near P. eros, 

 and the other suggests affinities with eumedon, and last, but not least, 

 Pontia callidice var. cJirijsidice. Professor Day also saw A. iirticae. 

 I may perhaps be excused for thinking that the following list of 

 butterflies of I3eirut, based on my experience in four separate visits, 

 with some indications of their habitats, may be of use to other 

 collectors. Names of species for which I have Sig. Cremona's authority, 

 based upon the actual capture, are followed by (F.C.). 



