FIVE DAYS AT MACUGNAGA. 



205 



Probably during the coming season some of our continental workers 

 will be on the look out for L. nickerUi, and we would like to know 

 what the ova are like, and how and where laid. Our English collectors 

 are very keen this year on getting the ova of the (jiieneei form and on 

 endeavouring to find the foodplant of the larva, so even if no inform- 

 ation is obtainable from the continent, the facts concerning the early 

 stages which we fully anticipate will be discovered in this country, 

 will give a clue to the further elucidation of the life-history of 

 L. nickerUi, the type form. 



Explanation of Plates. 

 Plate VII. (all x 12.) 



Fig. 1. L. gueneei. 



2. L. damerilii. 



3. L. testacea. 



4. ^doeagus of L. testacea, vesica extended (and slit). 



5. iEdoeagus of L. dumerilii. 



In fig. 1 the bunch of large cornuti on the vesica is distinct enough to be 

 compared with the same organs in testacea fig. 4. They differ a good deal in size 

 in testacea, in fig. 5 they are unusually small. The largest examples I have seen are 

 smaller than in gueneei {nickerUi). 



Fig. 4 and 5 are placed so that the ends of the ^doeagus (apart from the 

 vesica) are at the same level, the point of attachment to the floor of the genital 

 cavity (a little beyond middle of .Edci?agus) is the most evident in tig. 4. 

 Plate VIII. (all x 12.) 

 Fig. 6 and 7. L. gueneei. 



8 and 9. L. nickerUi (Bohemia). 



Plate IX. (all x 54.) 

 Portions of clasps in the region of the base of the ampulla. 

 Fig. 10. L. gueneei (the same specimen as fig. 1.) 



11. L. nickerUi (same as in fig. 8.) 



12. L. nickerUi (right, same as in fig. 8.) 



13. L. testacea (same as in fig. 3.) 



" These figures illustrate the agreement of nickerUi and (jtieneei in 

 one of the small details in which they differ from testacea. 



" They also illustrate the diflticulty of showing such details by the 

 photography of specimens not prepared in the best manner. 



" In all the specimens the dark lines, longitudinal and vertical, in 

 the strong dorsal section, are folds due to pressing the specimen flat, 

 and vary from specimen to specimen, though the structure is such that 

 three longitudinal folds, occur in nickerUi {;iueneei) and are fewer in 

 testacea. 



" The greater strength of the chitinous bar in the lower section of 

 the clasp in testacea comes out unmistakably, also the vagueness of the 

 returning portion, the inner end of which can, in most specimens, 

 with difficulty be seen to be more than an excrescence on the general 

 margin. These parts are identical in (jneneei and nickerUi. I have 

 chosen the (jneneei (Fig. 1) in which the small return portion is most 

 distinct; that it looks (say as compared with fig. 12) fused with the 

 main rod is a question of focussing, compare the other c/ueneei (figs. 

 6 and 7). In all these {nickerUi and (jHeneei) it is a well defined piece, 

 as compared with the vague process of testacea. The small articulated 

 portion above it (' ampulla ' of Pierce) varies very much in both species, 

 and I cannot rely on it for specific characters, though it is usually 

 shorter, rounder (more globular) in nickerUi, larger and more produced 

 in testacea. Fig. 13 shews a rather more pronounced specimen of testacea 

 than usual. Amongst the variations is one of [/neneei in which instead 

 of one normal "ampulla" there are two very small ones." — T.A..C. 



