i 



) 



A season's collecting in CONSTANTINOPLE. 317 



expects to take in south-eastern Europe and north-western Asia Minor. 

 Of these I may note L'untia [Synchhi'e) callidice (one 3 only) and Farauje 

 waeva, of which I have only one $ out of three or four examples 

 seen. Of Chilades trochilus and Tarucus halkanica, I have only single 

 specimens, neither in good condition. I may have overlooked Ge(ienes 

 nostradauuis, of which I took a pair only in very moderate condition on 

 September 3rd. Melitaea pJioebe appeared to be rare, and I only took 

 four specimens, only one of which is undamaged. Of Ai/lais urticac I 

 took none, and saw but one hybernated specimen in April. It is, of 

 course, possible that I missed finding good localities for some of these 

 insects, or that the year was an unfavourable one for them. As for 

 the frequency of butterflies I cannot say that I ever found the swarms 

 of insects which I have seen in Switzerland and in one or two favoured 

 Syrian localities, but there were tw^o or three localities, the Djendere 

 valley, near the Sweet Waters of Europe, the outskirts of the Belgrade 

 Forest, between Biiyiik-dere and the Baghtche-keui aqueduct, and 

 parts of the Gyok-su valley, also called the Sweet Waters of Asia, 

 which always gave me a very good bag. I never had time to visit the 

 Alem-Dagh forest, and on my only journey to Ismid I had no time for 

 collecting, though I saw a good many insects from the train on the 

 shores of the Ismid Gulf. I made close observations of the habits and 

 of the times of emergence of certain species, and am quite positive that 

 certain butterflies are triple-brooded in this district, aj., Papilio 

 iiiachaon, Pieris napi, Leptidia sinapis, Loireia dorilis, Alicia anteros, 

 and Flespi'iia alveus. P. iimchaon was first taken by me on April 28th, 

 and occurred not uncommonly, though worn as a rule, till the end of 

 May. On June 15th and on subsequent days, I took fresh J s, and 

 later, 2 s, of a larger and yellower brood, often reaching 84mm. in total 

 expanse, which persisted till mid-August, though it was then very 

 worn indeed. On August 19th I took a fresh male of a third 

 brood which was still out on October 7th. I may remark that the 

 specimens which I took in early May were mostly rather worn, and 

 gave me the impression that they had been some time on the wing. 

 L. dorilis was first taken by me on May 5th. A fresh emergence took 

 place at the end of June, and I caught fresh specimens in September, 

 one perfect male as late as October 7th. A. auterofi was often worn by 

 mid-May, abundant and fresh from the beginning of July to mid-August, 

 and in mid-September fresh males were again out. My records for 

 H. alreiis extend from May 12th-June 6th (first brood), and July 8th- 

 October 7th, on which later date I got a good short series of perfectly 

 fresh specimens. In the case of H. nlveus, however, I am not altogether 

 sure if I have one species or two in my series of some 30 specimens. I 

 need not speak of the triple — or many — broodedness of species such as 

 P. icanis, liitiiiicia pJdaeas, Pontia daplidicc and the common whites, not 

 to mention Colias ediisa, which here as in Egypt has a spring, a summer 

 and an autumn brood, occurring in April and May, late June and July, 

 and late August to early November. 



Of the different species of the Urbicolidae which I took, twelve in 

 number all told, Nisoniades tat/es, Hesperia malvae, and Heteroptenis 

 morpJieus were rare, especially the latter, which I only found between 

 Biiyiik-dere and the Baghtche-keui aqueduct in wood clearings at the 

 end of June. It was not in good condition, and I only took three of 

 half a dozen specimens seen. My two G. nostradaniufi were taken in 



